महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-23, verse-39

कथं न ज्ञेयमस्माभिः पापादस्मान्निवर्तितुम् ।
कुलक्षयकृतं दोषं प्रपश्यद्भिर्जनार्दन ॥३९॥

39. kathaṁ na jñeyamasmābhiḥ pāpādasmānnivartitum ,
kulakṣayakṛtaṁ doṣaṁ prapaśyadbhirjanārdana.

39. katham na jñeyam asmābhiḥ pāpāt asmāt nivartitum
kulakṣayakṛtam doṣam prapaśyadbhiḥ janārdana

39. janārdana asmābhiḥ pāpāt asmāt nivartitum
kulakṣayakṛtam doṣam prapaśyadbhiḥ katham na jñeyam

39. O Janārdana, how can we, who clearly foresee the fault (doṣa) arising from the destruction of a family, not know that we should turn away from this sin?

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how, why

• न (na) - not, no

• ज्ञेयम् (jñeyam) - to be known, knowable, understandable

• अस्माभिः (asmābhiḥ) - by us

• पापात् (pāpāt) - from sin, from evil

• अस्मात् (asmāt) - from this

• निवर्तितुम् (nivartitum) - to turn away, to desist, to refrain

• कुलक्षयकृतम् (kulakṣayakṛtam) - the fault caused by the destruction of kinsmen/family (caused by the destruction of a family)

• दोषम् (doṣam) - fault, defect, sin

• प्रपश्यद्भिः (prapaśyadbhiḥ) - by us who clearly foresee (by those who clearly see, perceiving)

• जनार्दन (janārdana) - O Janārdana (a name of Vishnu/Krishna)

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how, why

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

ज्ञेयम् (jñeyam) - to be known, knowable, understandable

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jñeya

jñeya - to be known, knowable, understandable

Gerundive

Root jñā + -ya (kr̥tya pratyaya)

Root: jñā (class 9)

अस्माभिः (asmābhiḥ) - by us

(pronoun)

Instrumental, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Agent in passive construction.

पापात् (pāpāt) - from sin, from evil

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of pāpa

pāpa - sin, evil, bad deed, vice

अस्मात् (asmāt) - from this

(pronoun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, these

निवर्तितुम् (nivartitum) - to turn away, to desist, to refrain

(indeclinable)

infinitive

Prefix ni + root vṛt (1P/4A) + -tumun suffix

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

कुलक्षयकृतम् (kulakṣayakṛtam) - the fault caused by the destruction of kinsmen/family (caused by the destruction of a family)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kulakṣayakṛta

kulakṣayakṛta - caused by the destruction of a family

Past Passive Participle

Compound adjective: kula-kṣaya + kṛta (PPP of kṛ)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kula+kṣaya+kṛta)

• kula – family, lineage, race
  noun (neuter)
• kṣaya – destruction, loss, decline
  noun (masculine)
  Root kṣi + -a
  Root: kṣi (class 5)
• kṛta – done, made, caused
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Root kṛ + -ta
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

दोषम् (doṣam) - fault, defect, sin

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of doṣa

doṣa - fault, defect, vice, sin

Root duṣ (to become bad) + -a

Root: duṣ (class 4)

Note: Object of 'prapaśyadbhiḥ'.

प्रपश्यद्भिः (prapaśyadbhiḥ) - by us who clearly foresee (by those who clearly see, perceiving)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of prapaśyat

prapaśyat - clearly seeing, perceiving, foreseeing

Present Active Participle

Prefix pra + root dṛś (pasyati) + -śatṛ suffix

Prefix: pra

Root: dṛś (class 1)

जनार्दन (janārdana) - O Janārdana (a name of Vishnu/Krishna)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of janārdana

janārdana - agitator of men, one who is worshipped by men (a name of Vishnu/Krishna)

Compound: jana (people) + ardana (agitator/suppressor)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jana+ardana)

• jana – people, man
  noun (masculine)
• ardana – distressing, destroying, supplicating
  noun (masculine)
  Root ard + -ana
  Root: ard (class 10)