महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-23, verse-1

धृतराष्ट्र उवाच ।
धर्मक्षेत्रे कुरुक्षेत्रे समवेता युयुत्सवः ।
मामकाः पाण्डवाश्चैव किमकुर्वत संजय ॥१॥

1. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca ,
dharmakṣetre kurukṣetre samavetā yuyutsavaḥ ,
māmakāḥ pāṇḍavāścaiva kimakurvata saṁjaya.

1. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca dharmakṣetre kurukṣetre samavetāḥ
yuyutsavaḥ māmakāḥ pāṇḍavāḥ ca eva kim akurvata sañjaya

1. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca sañjaya dharmakṣetre kurukṣetre
samavetāḥ yuyutsavaḥ māmakāḥ ca eva pāṇḍavāḥ kim akurvata

1. Dhṛtarāṣṭra said: 'O Sañjaya, what did my sons and the sons of Pāṇḍu do when they assembled, eager for battle, in Kurukṣetra, the field of dharma (natural law)?'

Words meanings summery:

• धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (Dhṛtarāṣṭra (name of the blind king))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• धर्मक्षेत्रे (dharmakṣetre) - in the field of dharma (natural law) (in the field of dharma (natural law/righteousness))

• कुरुक्षेत्रे (kurukṣetre) - in Kurukṣetra (in Kurukṣetra (name of a famous battlefield))

• समवेताः (samavetāḥ) - assembled (assembled, met together)

• युयुत्सवः (yuyutsavaḥ) - desirous of fighting (desirous of fighting, eager for battle)

• मामकाः (māmakāḥ) - my sons (the Kauravas) (my sons, my people, mine)

• पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the sons of Pāṇḍu (the Pāṇḍavas) (the sons of Pāṇḍu, descendants of Pāṇḍu)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• एव (eva) - indeed (indeed, certainly, only, just)

• किम् (kim) - what (what, why, whether)

• अकुर्वत (akurvata) - did (they) do (did (they) do, performed)

• सञ्जय (sañjaya) - O Sañjaya (O Sañjaya (name of Vyāsa's disciple and Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer))

Words meanings and morphology

धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (Dhṛtarāṣṭra (name of the blind king))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - name of the blind king, father of the Kauravas

'He who holds the kingdom' or 'whose kingdom is held'.

Note: Speaker in this verse.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense (lit).

Root: vac (class 2)

धर्मक्षेत्रे (dharmakṣetre) - in the field of dharma (natural law) (in the field of dharma (natural law/righteousness))

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of dharmakṣetra

dharmakṣetra - field of righteousness, field of natural law

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+kṣetra)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, righteousness, duty, virtue, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• kṣetra – field, ground, place, sphere
  noun (neuter)

कुरुक्षेत्रे (kurukṣetre) - in Kurukṣetra (in Kurukṣetra (name of a famous battlefield))

(proper noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of kurukṣetra

kurukṣetra - Kurukṣetra (name of a sacred plain and battlefield)

The field of the Kurus.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kuru+kṣetra)

• kuru – name of an ancient king, name of a dynasty
  proper noun (masculine)
• kṣetra – field, ground, place, sphere
  noun (neuter)

समवेताः (samavetāḥ) - assembled (assembled, met together)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of samaveta

samaveta - assembled, united, met, collected

Past Passive Participle

Ppp of 'sam-ava-i' (to come together).

Prefixes: sam+ava

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Modifies 'māmakāḥ' and 'pāṇḍavāḥ'.

युयुत्सवः (yuyutsavaḥ) - desirous of fighting (desirous of fighting, eager for battle)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yuyutsu

yuyutsu - desirous of fighting, warlike, pugnacious

desiderative noun/adjective

From desiderative root 'yuyuts' of 'yudh' (to fight).

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Modifies 'māmakāḥ' and 'pāṇḍavāḥ'.

मामकाः (māmakāḥ) - my sons (the Kauravas) (my sons, my people, mine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of māmaka

māmaka - my, mine, belonging to me, my relatives/sons

Derived from 'mama' (my) with suffix 'ka'.

Note: Subject of 'akurvata'.

पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the sons of Pāṇḍu (the Pāṇḍavas) (the sons of Pāṇḍu, descendants of Pāṇḍu)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - son of Pāṇḍu, descendant of Pāṇḍu

Derived from 'Pāṇḍu' with patronymic suffix 'a'.

Note: Subject of 'akurvata'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'māmakāḥ' and 'pāṇḍavāḥ'.

एव (eva) - indeed (indeed, certainly, only, just)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

किम् (kim) - what (what, why, whether)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, who, why, how

Interrogative pronoun/adverb.

Note: Object of 'akurvata'.

अकुर्वत (akurvata) - did (they) do (did (they) do, performed)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of kṛ

Imperfect tense (laṅ), ātmanepada.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Used with plural subjects 'māmakāḥ' and 'pāṇḍavāḥ'.

सञ्जय (sañjaya) - O Sañjaya (O Sañjaya (name of Vyāsa's disciple and Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - name of Vyāsa's disciple, charioteer of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, victory, conqueror

'Complete victory' (sam-jaya).

Prefix: sam

Root: ji (class 1)