महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-154, verse-1

जनमेजय उवाच ।
आपगेयं महात्मानं भीष्मं शस्त्रभृतां वरम् ।
पितामहं भारतानां ध्वजं सर्वमहीक्षिताम् ॥१॥

1. janamejaya uvāca ,
āpageyaṁ mahātmānaṁ bhīṣmaṁ śastrabhṛtāṁ varam ,
pitāmahaṁ bhāratānāṁ dhvajaṁ sarvamahīkṣitām.

1. janamejaya uvāca āpageyam mahātmānam bhīṣmam śastrabhṛtām
varam pitāmaham bhāratānām dhvajam sarvamahīkṣitām

1. janamejaya uvāca āpageyam mahātmānam śastrabhṛtām varam
bhāratānām pitāmaham sarvamahīkṣitām dhvajam bhīṣmam

1. Janamejaya said: (He spoke of) the great-souled Bhīṣma, son of Gaṅgā, the foremost among weapon-wielders, the grandfather of the Bhāratas, and the emblem of all kings.

Words meanings summery:

• जनमेजय (janamejaya) - Janamejaya

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• आपगेयम् (āpageyam) - Bhīṣma, the son of Gaṅgā (son of Gaṅgā)

• महात्मानम् (mahātmānam) - the great-souled one, the noble-minded

• भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - Bhīṣma

• शस्त्रभृताम् (śastrabhṛtām) - of weapon-bearers, of those who carry weapons

• वरम् (varam) - the best, the foremost

• पितामहम् (pitāmaham) - the grandfather

• भारतानाम् (bhāratānām) - of the Bhāratas (descendants of Bharata, here referring to the Kurus)

• ध्वजम् (dhvajam) - the banner, the emblem, the standard

• सर्वमहीक्षिताम् (sarvamahīkṣitām) - of all kings

Words meanings and morphology

जनमेजय (janamejaya) - Janamejaya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of janamejaya

janamejaya - Janamejaya (name of a king, son of Parīkṣit)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of √vac

Perfect tense, parasmaipada

Reduplicated perfect form.

Root: √vac (class 2)

आपगेयम् (āpageyam) - Bhīṣma, the son of Gaṅgā (son of Gaṅgā)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āpageya

āpageya - son of Apagā (Gaṅgā); relating to a river

Derived from 'apagā' (a river, specifically Gaṅgā) + 'ḍhak' or 'eya' suffix for patronymic.

Note: Accusative, referring to Bhīṣma.

महात्मानम् (mahātmānam) - the great-souled one, the noble-minded

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, eminent; a great (ātman)

Compound of mahā (great) + ātman (soul, self).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence (ātman)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adjective for Bhīṣma.

भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - Bhīṣma

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhīṣma (name of a prominent character in the Mahābhārata)

Means 'terrible, formidable'.

Note: The main object of the implied verb.

शस्त्रभृताम् (śastrabhṛtām) - of weapon-bearers, of those who carry weapons

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of śastrabhṛt

śastrabhṛt - weapon-bearer, warrior

Agent noun (nomen agentis)

Compound of śastra (weapon) + bhṛt (bearing). From root √bhṛ (to bear).

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (śastra+bhṛt)

• śastra – weapon, sword
  noun (neuter)
  From √śas (to cut) + tra suffix.
  Root: √śas (class 1)
• bhṛt – bearing, carrying, supporting
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent suffix 'kvip'
  Derived from root √bhṛ (to bear, carry)
  Root: √bhṛ (class 3)

Note: Governed by 'varam'.

वरम् (varam) - the best, the foremost

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, superior; a boon, choice

Root: √vṛ (class 9)

Note: Adjective for Bhīṣma, comparing him to 'śastrabhṛtām'.

पितामहम् (pitāmaham) - the grandfather

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - paternal grandfather; Brahmā

Compound of pitṛ (father) + maha (great) or pitā (father) + mahat (great).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pitṛ+mahat)

• pitṛ – father
  noun (masculine)
• mahat – great, large
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Accusative, referring to Bhīṣma.

भारतानाम् (bhāratānām) - of the Bhāratas (descendants of Bharata, here referring to the Kurus)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of bhārata

bhārata - a descendant of Bharata; an Indian

From 'bharata' (name of a king/sage) + 'aṇ' suffix for patronymic.

Note: Governed by 'pitāmaham'.

ध्वजम् (dhvajam) - the banner, the emblem, the standard

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhvaja

dhvaja - flag, banner, standard, emblem; mark, sign

From √dhvaj (to move, to be unsteady) or √dhvaṃs (to fall, perish) - perhaps implying fluttering.

Root: √dhvaj (class 1)

Note: Accusative, referring to Bhīṣma.

सर्वमहीक्षिताम् (sarvamahīkṣitām) - of all kings

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sarvamahīkṣit

sarvamahīkṣit - all kings, rulers of all lands

Compound of sarva (all) + mahīkṣit (earth-ruler, king).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sarva+mahīkṣit)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  adjective (masculine)
• mahīkṣit – earth-ruler, king, sovereign
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of mahī (earth) + kṣit (ruler/dweller, from √kṣi to dwell/rule)
  Root: √kṣi (class 5)

Note: Governed by 'dhvajam'.