महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-133, verse-33

यदैव शत्रुर्जानीयात्सपत्नं त्यक्तजीवितम् ।
तदैवास्मादुद्विजते सर्पाद्वेश्मगतादिव ॥३३॥

33. yadaiva śatrurjānīyātsapatnaṁ tyaktajīvitam ,
tadaivāsmādudvijate sarpādveśmagatādiva.

33. yadā eva śatruḥ jānīyāt sapatnam tyaktajīvitam
tadā eva asmāt udvijate sarpāt veśmagatāt iva

33. yadā eva śatruḥ tyaktajīvitam sapatnam jānīyāt
tadā eva asmāt udvijate veśmagatāt sarpāt iva

33. As soon as an enemy realizes that his rival has abandoned all concern for his own life, he recoils from him, just as one would from a snake that has entered the house.

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when, at which time

• एव (eva) - as soon as (indeed, just, only, certainly)

• शत्रुः (śatruḥ) - enemy, foe, rival

• जानीयात् (jānīyāt) - he should know, he should realize

• सपत्नम् (sapatnam) - his rival (rival, enemy, co-wife)

• त्यक्तजीवितम् (tyaktajīvitam) - who has abandoned all concern for his own life (one who has abandoned life, one whose life is given up)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, only, certainly

• अस्मात् (asmāt) - from him (the rival) (from him, from this)

• उद्विजते (udvijate) - he recoils, shrinks away, shudders

• सर्पात् (sarpāt) - from a snake

• वेश्मगतात् (veśmagatāt) - from one who has entered a house

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when, at which time

(indeclinable)

Indeclinable adverb of time.

एव (eva) - as soon as (indeed, just, only, certainly)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

शत्रुः (śatruḥ) - enemy, foe, rival

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śatru

śatru - enemy, foe, rival, adversary

जानीयात् (jānīyāt) - he should know, he should realize

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of jñā

Optative mood, active voice.

Root: jñā (class 9)

सपत्नम् (sapatnam) - his rival (rival, enemy, co-wife)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sapatna

sapatna - rival, enemy, adversary, co-wife

From sa-patna (having a common master, hence rival).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+patna)

• sa – with, together, endowed with
  indeclinable
• patna – master, lord, husband
  noun (masculine)

त्यक्तजीवितम् (tyaktajīvitam) - who has abandoned all concern for his own life (one who has abandoned life, one whose life is given up)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tyaktajīvita

tyaktajīvita - one who has abandoned life, whose life is given up

Compound of tyakta (past passive participle of √tyaj) and jīvita (life).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tyakta+jīvita)

• tyakta – abandoned, forsaken, given up
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √tyaj (to abandon).
  Root: tyaj (class 1)
• jīvita – life, existence
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle (used as noun)
  From root √jīv (to live).
  Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'sapatnam'.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Indeclinable adverb of time.

एव (eva) - indeed, just, only, certainly

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

अस्मात् (asmāt) - from him (the rival) (from him, from this)

(pronoun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Can also be neuter ablative singular.

उद्विजते (udvijate) - he recoils, shrinks away, shudders

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vij

Present tense, middle voice, with prefix ud.

Prefix: ud

Root: vij (class 6)

सर्पात् (sarpāt) - from a snake

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of sarpa

sarpa - snake, serpent

From root √sṛp (to creep).

Root: sṛp (class 1)

वेश्मगतात् (veśmagatāt) - from one who has entered a house

(adjective)

Ablative, masculine, singular of veśmagata

veśmagata - entered a house, gone into a dwelling

Compound of veśman (house) and gata (past passive participle of √gam).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (veśman+gata)

• veśman – house, dwelling, abode
  noun (neuter)
• gata – gone, entered, reached
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √gam (to go).
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'sarpāt'.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)