महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-133, verse-15

इह प्राज्ञो हि पुरुषः स्वल्पमप्रियमिच्छति ।
यस्य स्वल्पं प्रियं लोके ध्रुवं तस्याल्पमप्रियम् ॥१५॥

15. iha prājño hi puruṣaḥ svalpamapriyamicchati ,
yasya svalpaṁ priyaṁ loke dhruvaṁ tasyālpamapriyam.

15. iha prājñaḥ hi puruṣaḥ svalpam apriyam icchati yasya
svalpam priyam loke dhruvam tasya alpam apriyam

15. hi iha prājñaḥ puruṣaḥ svalpam apriyam icchati yasya
loke svalpam priyam tasya dhruvam alpam apriyam

15. Indeed, in this world, a wise person (puruṣa) desires very little unpleasantness. For one to whom little is dear (priya) in the world, certainly little will be unpleasant.

Words meanings summery:

• इह (iha) - here, in this world

• प्राज्ञः (prājñaḥ) - wise, learned, intelligent

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - person, man, human being

• स्वल्पम् (svalpam) - very little, small amount

• अप्रियम् (apriyam) - unpleasant, disagreeable, disliked

• इच्छति (icchati) - desires, wishes, seeks

• यस्य (yasya) - whose, of which, for whom

• स्वल्पम् (svalpam) - very little, a small amount

• प्रियम् (priyam) - dear, pleasant, beloved thing

• लोके (loke) - in the world, among people

• ध्रुवम् (dhruvam) - certainly, surely, constantly

• तस्य (tasya) - his, of him, to him

• अल्पम् (alpam) - little, small, few

• अप्रियम् (apriyam) - unpleasant, disagreeable, disliked

Words meanings and morphology

इह (iha) - here, in this world

(indeclinable)

प्राज्ञः (prājñaḥ) - wise, learned, intelligent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prājña

prājña - wise, learned, intelligent; a wise man, a sage

From pra-jñā, knowing well.

Prefix: pra

Root: jñā (class 9)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - person, man, human being

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, person, human being; the cosmic person (puruṣa), the soul

स्वल्पम् (svalpam) - very little, small amount

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of svalpa

svalpa - very little, small, trifling, insignificant

Compound of su + alpa.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (su+alpa)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
• alpa – small, little, few, insignificant
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Used here adverbially, 'very little (of what is) unpleasant'.

अप्रियम् (apriyam) - unpleasant, disagreeable, disliked

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of apriya

apriya - disagreeable, unpleasant, disliked; an enemy

Compound of a (negation) + priya (dear, pleasant).

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+priya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• priya – dear, beloved, pleasant, agreeable
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Functions as a substantive here, 'an unpleasant thing'.

इच्छति (icchati) - desires, wishes, seeks

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of iṣ

Root form: iṣ (एष्). Present stem: icch- (इच्छ्).

Root: iṣ (class 6)

यस्य (yasya) - whose, of which, for whom

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what; whoever, whatever

स्वल्पम् (svalpam) - very little, a small amount

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of svalpa

svalpa - very little, small, trifling, insignificant

Compound of su + alpa.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (su+alpa)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
• alpa – small, little, few, insignificant
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Referring to 'what is pleasant' in a small quantity.

प्रियम् (priyam) - dear, pleasant, beloved thing

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of priya

priya - dear, beloved, pleasant, agreeable; a beloved person or thing

Note: Functions as a substantive here, 'a pleasant thing'.

लोके (loke) - in the world, among people

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, realm, universe; people, mankind

ध्रुवम् (dhruvam) - certainly, surely, constantly

(indeclinable)

Root: dhru (class 1)

Note: Adverbial usage.

तस्य (tasya) - his, of him, to him

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it; this

अल्पम् (alpam) - little, small, few

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of alpa

alpa - small, little, few, insignificant

Note: Functions as a substantive here, 'a little amount'.

अप्रियम् (apriyam) - unpleasant, disagreeable, disliked

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of apriya

apriya - disagreeable, unpleasant, disliked; an enemy

Compound of a (negation) + priya (dear, pleasant).

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+priya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• priya – dear, beloved, pleasant, agreeable
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Functions as a substantive here, 'an unpleasant thing'.