महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-133, verse-20

पुत्र उवाच ।
अकोशस्यासहायस्य कुतः स्विद्विजयो मम ।
इत्यवस्थां विदित्वेमामात्मनात्मनि दारुणाम् ।
राज्याद्भावो निवृत्तो मे त्रिदिवादिव दुष्कृतेः ॥२०॥

20. putra uvāca ,
akośasyāsahāyasya kutaḥ svidvijayo mama ,
ityavasthāṁ viditvemāmātmanātmani dāruṇām ,
rājyādbhāvo nivṛtto me tridivādiva duṣkṛteḥ.

20. putraḥ uvāca akośasya asahāyasya kutaḥ
svit vijayaḥ mama | iti avasthām viditvā
imām ātmanā ātmani dāruṇām | rājyāt
bhāvaḥ nivṛttaḥ me tridivāt iva duṣkṛteḥ

20. putraḥ uvāca akośasya asahāyasya mama
vijayaḥ kutaḥ svit iti imām dāruṇām
avasthām ātmanā ātmani viditvā me rājyāt
bhāvaḥ nivṛttaḥ duṣkṛteḥ tridivāt iva

20. The son said: 'How can there possibly be victory for me, a person without a treasury and without assistance? Having comprehended this terrible situation within my own self (ātman), my inclination towards the kingdom has ceased, just as the possibility of heaven ceases due to an evil act.'

Words meanings summery:

• पुत्रः (putraḥ) - the son (son, child)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, he spoke)

• अकोशस्य (akośasya) - of one without a treasury (of one without a treasury, of one without wealth)

• असहायस्य (asahāyasya) - of one who is without assistance (of one who is helpless, of one without assistance)

• कुतः (kutaḥ) - how can there be, from where (from where, why, how, whence)

• स्वित् (svit) - possibly (for emphasis in a rhetorical question) (indeed, surely, perhaps, pray)

• विजयः (vijayaḥ) - victory (victory, triumph)

• मम (mama) - for me (my, for me)

• इति (iti) - thus (introducing a statement) (thus, so, in this manner)

• अवस्थाम् (avasthām) - situation (state, condition, situation)

• विदित्वा (viditvā) - having comprehended (having known, having understood, having realized)

• इमाम् (imām) - this

• आत्मना (ātmanā) - by my own self (ātman) (by the self, by oneself, by the soul)

• आत्मनि (ātmani) - within my own self (ātman) (in the self, in oneself, in the soul)

• दारुणाम् (dāruṇām) - terrible (terrible, dreadful, harsh, severe)

• राज्यात् (rājyāt) - towards the kingdom (from the kingdom, concerning the kingdom)

• भावः (bhāvaḥ) - inclination (feeling, state, nature, desire, inclination, existence)

• निवृत्तः (nivṛttaḥ) - ceased (turned away, ceased, returned, stopped)

• मे (me) - my (my, for me, by me)

• त्रिदिवात् (tridivāt) - from heaven (from heaven, from the celestial world)

• इव (iva) - just as (as if, like, similar to)

• दुष्कृतेः (duṣkṛteḥ) - due to an evil act (from an evil deed, from sin, from demerit)

Words meanings and morphology

पुत्रः (putraḥ) - the son (son, child)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Tense

Perfect tense, third person singular, active voice of the root 'vac'.

Root: vac (class 2)

अकोशस्य (akośasya) - of one without a treasury (of one without a treasury, of one without wealth)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of akośa

akośa - without a treasury, without wealth

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+kośa)

• a – not, un-, without
  indeclinable
• kośa – treasury, casket, sheath, budget
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with implied 'mama' or 'puruṣasya'.

असहायस्य (asahāyasya) - of one who is without assistance (of one who is helpless, of one without assistance)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of asahāya

asahāya - helpless, unaccompanied, without assistance

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+sahāya)

• a – not, un-, without
  indeclinable
• sahāya – helper, companion, assistance
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with implied 'mama' or 'puruṣasya'.

कुतः (kutaḥ) - how can there be, from where (from where, why, how, whence)

(indeclinable)

स्वित् (svit) - possibly (for emphasis in a rhetorical question) (indeed, surely, perhaps, pray)

(indeclinable)

विजयः (vijayaḥ) - victory (victory, triumph)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vijaya

vijaya - victory, triumph, conquest

Root: ji (class 1)

मम (mama) - for me (my, for me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

इति (iti) - thus (introducing a statement) (thus, so, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

अवस्थाम् (avasthām) - situation (state, condition, situation)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of avasthā

avasthā - state, condition, situation

Prefix: ava

Root: sthā (class 1)

विदित्वा (viditvā) - having comprehended (having known, having understood, having realized)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive form from the root 'vid'.

Root: vid (class 2)

इमाम् (imām) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of idam

idam - this

Note: Agrees with 'avasthām'.

आत्मना (ātmanā) - by my own self (ātman) (by the self, by oneself, by the soul)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence

Note: Instrumental case, indicating 'by one's own means/mind'.

आत्मनि (ātmani) - within my own self (ātman) (in the self, in oneself, in the soul)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence

Note: Locative case, indicating 'within oneself'.

दारुणाम् (dāruṇām) - terrible (terrible, dreadful, harsh, severe)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dāruṇa

dāruṇa - terrible, dreadful, harsh, severe

Note: Agrees with 'avasthām'.

राज्यात् (rājyāt) - towards the kingdom (from the kingdom, concerning the kingdom)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, sovereignty, rule

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Ablative case here means 'regarding' or 'from/of the kingdom'.

भावः (bhāvaḥ) - inclination (feeling, state, nature, desire, inclination, existence)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhāva

bhāva - feeling, state, nature, desire, inclination, existence

Derived from root 'bhū' (to be, to become).

Root: bhū (class 1)

निवृत्तः (nivṛttaḥ) - ceased (turned away, ceased, returned, stopped)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nivṛtta

nivṛtta - turned away, ceased, returned, stopped

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root 'vṛt' with upasarga 'ni'.

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'bhāvaḥ'.

मे (me) - my (my, for me, by me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

त्रिदिवात् (tridivāt) - from heaven (from heaven, from the celestial world)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of tridiva

tridiva - heaven, celestial world, abode of gods

इव (iva) - just as (as if, like, similar to)

(indeclinable)

दुष्कृतेः (duṣkṛteḥ) - due to an evil act (from an evil deed, from sin, from demerit)

(noun)

Ablative, feminine, singular of duṣkṛti

duṣkṛti - evil deed, sin, demerit

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dus+kṛti)

• dus – bad, evil, difficult
  prefix
• kṛti – action, deed, doing
  noun (feminine)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Ablative case, indicating cause or origin.