महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-133, verse-22

मातोवाच ।
पुत्रात्मा नावमन्तव्यः पूर्वाभिरसमृद्धिभिः ।
अभूत्वा हि भवन्त्यर्था भूत्वा नश्यन्ति चापरे ॥२२॥

22. mātovāca ,
putrātmā nāvamantavyaḥ pūrvābhirasamṛddhibhiḥ ,
abhūtvā hi bhavantyarthā bhūtvā naśyanti cāpare.

22. mātā uvāca putra ātmā na avamantavyaḥ pūrvābhiḥ asamṛddhibhiḥ
| abhūtvā hi bhavanti arthāḥ bhūtvā naśyanti ca apare

22. mātā uvāca putra,
ātmā pūrvābhiḥ asamṛddhibhiḥ na avamantavyaḥ hi arthāḥ abhūtvā bhavanti,
apare ca bhūtvā naśyanti

22. The mother said: 'O son, your own self (ātman) should not be discouraged by previous failures. For indeed, fortunes appear from a state of non-existence, and other things vanish after they have come into being.'

Words meanings summery:

• माता (mātā) - the mother (mother)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (she said, she spoke)

• पुत्र (putra) - O son (O son, child)

• आत्मा (ātmā) - your own self (ātman) (self, soul, spirit)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• अवमन्तव्यः (avamantavyaḥ) - should be discouraged (to be despised, to be disregarded, to be scorned)

• पूर्वाभिः (pūrvābhiḥ) - by previous (by previous ones, by former ones)

• असमृद्धिभिः (asamṛddhibhiḥ) - by failures (by non-prosperity, by lack of success, by failures)

• अभूत्वा (abhūtvā) - from a state of non-existence (not having been, without existence)

• हि (hi) - for indeed (for, because, indeed)

• भवन्ति (bhavanti) - appear (they become, they exist, they arise)

• अर्थाः (arthāḥ) - fortunes (purposes, objects, things, fortunes, wealth)

• भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - after they have come into being (having been, having existed, after becoming)

• नश्यन्ति (naśyanti) - vanish (they perish, they are destroyed, they disappear)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• अपरे (apare) - other things (others, other)

Words meanings and morphology

माता (mātā) - the mother (mother)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of mātṛ

mātṛ - mother

उवाच (uvāca) - said (she said, she spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Tense

Perfect tense, third person singular, active voice of the root 'vac'.

Root: vac (class 2)

पुत्र (putra) - O son (O son, child)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

आत्मा (ātmā) - your own self (ātman) (self, soul, spirit)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

अवमन्तव्यः (avamantavyaḥ) - should be discouraged (to be despised, to be disregarded, to be scorned)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avamantavya

avamantavya - to be despised, to be disregarded, to be scorned

Gerundive/Potential Passive Participle

Gerundive of root 'man' with upasarga 'ava'.

Prefix: ava

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Gerundive indicating obligation or fitness.

पूर्वाभिः (pūrvābhiḥ) - by previous (by previous ones, by former ones)

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, plural of pūrvā

pūrvā - previous, former, prior

Note: Agrees with 'asamṛddhibhiḥ'.

असमृद्धिभिः (asamṛddhibhiḥ) - by failures (by non-prosperity, by lack of success, by failures)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, plural of asamṛddhi

asamṛddhi - non-prosperity, lack of success, failure

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+samṛddhi)

• a – not, un-, without
  indeclinable
• samṛddhi – prosperity, success, abundance
  noun (feminine)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: ṛdh (class 5)

अभूत्वा (abhūtvā) - from a state of non-existence (not having been, without existence)

(indeclinable)

Negative Absolutive

Negative form of the absolutive of root 'bhū' (to be, to become).

Prefix: a

Root: bhū (class 1)

हि (hi) - for indeed (for, because, indeed)

(indeclinable)

भवन्ति (bhavanti) - appear (they become, they exist, they arise)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Present Tense

Present tense, third person plural, active voice of root 'bhū'.

Root: bhū (class 1)

अर्थाः (arthāḥ) - fortunes (purposes, objects, things, fortunes, wealth)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of artha

artha - purpose, object, thing, wealth, fortune, meaning

भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - after they have come into being (having been, having existed, after becoming)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive form from the root 'bhū'.

Root: bhū (class 1)

नश्यन्ति (naśyanti) - vanish (they perish, they are destroyed, they disappear)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of naś

Present Tense

Present tense, third person plural, active voice of root 'naś'.

Root: naś (class 4)

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

अपरे (apare) - other things (others, other)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of apara

apara - other, another, later, inferior

Note: Refers to other 'arthāḥ'.