महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-12, verse-6

अहल्या धर्षिता पूर्वमृषिपत्नी यशस्विनी ।
जीवतो भर्तुरिन्द्रेण स वः किं न निवारितः ॥६॥

6. ahalyā dharṣitā pūrvamṛṣipatnī yaśasvinī ,
jīvato bharturindreṇa sa vaḥ kiṁ na nivāritaḥ.

6. ahalyā dharṣitā pūrvam ṛṣipatnī yaśasvinī
jīvataḥ bhartuḥ indreṇa sa vaḥ kim na nivāritaḥ

6. Ahalyā, the glorious wife of a sage, was violated by Indra formerly, while her husband was still alive. Why was he not prevented by you all?

Words meanings summery:

• अहल्या (ahalyā) - Ahalyā (Ahalyā (proper name))

• धर्षिता (dharṣitā) - Violated (Molested, violated, attacked)

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - Formerly (Formerly, previously, before)

• ऋषिपत्नी (ṛṣipatnī) - The wife of a sage (Wife of a sage)

• यशस्विनी (yaśasvinī) - Glorious (Glorious, famous, illustrious)

• जीवतः (jīvataḥ) - While living (describing her husband) (While living, of a living one)

• भर्तुः (bhartuḥ) - Of her husband (Of the husband, of the maintainer)

• इन्द्रेण (indreṇa) - By Indra

• स (sa) - He (Indra) (He, that)

• वः (vaḥ) - By you all (To you (plural), by you (plural), your)

• किम् (kim) - Why (What, why, whether, if)

• न (na) - Not (Not, no, nor)

• निवारितः (nivāritaḥ) - Prevented (Prevented, restrained, warded off)

Words meanings and morphology

अहल्या (ahalyā) - Ahalyā (Ahalyā (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of ahalyā

ahalyā - Name of Gautama's wife, seduced by Indra

ā-ending feminine noun.

धर्षिता (dharṣitā) - Violated (Molested, violated, attacked)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of dharṣita

dharṣita - Molested, attacked, outraged, made bold

Past Passive Participle

From root dhṛṣ (to be bold, to dare, to assault).

Root: dhṛṣ (class 5)

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - Formerly (Formerly, previously, before)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form.

ऋषिपत्नी (ṛṣipatnī) - The wife of a sage (Wife of a sage)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of ṛṣipatnī

ṛṣipatnī - Wife of a sage

Compound: ṛṣi (sage) + patnī (wife).

Compound type : şaṣṭhī tatpuruṣa (ṛṣi+patnī)

• ṛṣi – Sage, seer, inspired poet
  noun (masculine)
  i-ending masculine noun.
  Root: ṛṣ
• patnī – Wife, mistress, lady
  noun (feminine)
  ī-ending feminine noun.

यशस्विनी (yaśasvinī) - Glorious (Glorious, famous, illustrious)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of yaśasvin

yaśasvin - Famous, glorious, illustrious, possessing fame

in-stem adjective. Feminine form.

जीवतः (jīvataḥ) - While living (describing her husband) (While living, of a living one)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of jīvat

jīvat - Living, alive, existing

Present Active Participle

From root jīv (to live), class 1.

Root: jīv (class 1)

भर्तुः (bhartuḥ) - Of her husband (Of the husband, of the maintainer)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhartṛ

bhartṛ - Husband, supporter, maintainer, lord

Agent Noun

From root bhṛ (to bear, support).

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

इन्द्रेण (indreṇa) - By Indra

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of indra

indra - Indra (name of a prominent Vedic deity, king of gods)

a-ending masculine noun.

Root: id

स (sa) - He (Indra) (He, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - That, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

वः (vaḥ) - By you all (To you (plural), by you (plural), your)

(pronoun)

plural of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - You (2nd person pronoun)

Enclitic form of yuṣmad.

Note: Used idiomatically here in a instrumental sense, meaning 'by you'.

किम् (kim) - Why (What, why, whether, if)

(indeclinable)

Interrogative particle.

न (na) - Not (Not, no, nor)

(indeclinable)

निवारितः (nivāritaḥ) - Prevented (Prevented, restrained, warded off)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nivārita

nivārita - Prevented, restrained, warded off, excluded

Past Passive Participle

From causal stem of root vṛ (to choose, cover) with upasarga ni. nivāray is the causative stem.

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛ (class 5)