महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-12, verse-24

शल्य उवाच ।
अथ देवास्तमेवाहुर्गुरुमङ्गिरसां वरम् ।
कथं सुनीतं तु भवेन्मन्त्रयस्व बृहस्पते ॥२४॥

24. śalya uvāca ,
atha devāstamevāhurgurumaṅgirasāṁ varam ,
kathaṁ sunītaṁ tu bhavenmantrayasva bṛhaspate.

24. śalyaḥ uvāca atha devāḥ tam eva āhuḥ gurum aṅgirasām
varam katham sunītam tu bhavet mantrayasva bṛhaspate

24. Salya said: Then the gods addressed that very preceptor (guru), the best among the Aṅgirasas, saying: 'O Brihaspati, how can this situation be well-managed? Please advise.'

Words meanings summery:

• शल्यः (śalyaḥ) - Salya (Salya (name of a king))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• अथ (atha) - then (then, now, moreover)

• देवाः (devāḥ) - the gods (gods, deities)

• तम् (tam) - to him (him, that)

• एव (eva) - very (that very preceptor) (indeed, only, very)

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they said (they said, they spoke)

• गुरुम् (gurum) - to the preceptor (guru) (preceptor, teacher, heavy, venerable)

• अङ्गिरसाम् (aṅgirasām) - of the Aṅgirasas (of the Aṅgirasas (a class of Vedic sages))

• वरम् (varam) - best (adjective for guru) (best, excellent, boon, choice)

• कथम् (katham) - how (how? in what manner?)

• सुनीतम् (sunītam) - well-managed, good counsel (well-conducted, well-managed, good policy/counsel)

• तु (tu) - indeed (emphasizing the question) (but, indeed, yet, then)

• भवेत् (bhavet) - may be (may be, let it be, should be)

• मन्त्रयस्व (mantrayasva) - please advise (advise, consult, deliberate)

• बृहस्पते (bṛhaspate) - O Brihaspati

Words meanings and morphology

शल्यः (śalyaḥ) - Salya (Salya (name of a king))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śalya

śalya - Salya (a king in the Mahābhārata), dart, spear, thorn

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Irregular perfect form of vac, from root vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

अथ (atha) - then (then, now, moreover)

(indeclinable)

देवाः (devāḥ) - the gods (gods, deities)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity, divine

तम् (tam) - to him (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Brihaspati.

एव (eva) - very (that very preceptor) (indeed, only, very)

(indeclinable)

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they said (they said, they spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of ah

Perfect tense, 3rd person plural

From root ah, perfect tense. Often irregular.

Root: ah (class 2)

Note: Often treated as a present-perfect.

गुरुम् (gurum) - to the preceptor (guru) (preceptor, teacher, heavy, venerable)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of guru

guru - preceptor, teacher, master, heavy, venerable

Note: Refers to Brihaspati.

अङ्गिरसाम् (aṅgirasām) - of the Aṅgirasas (of the Aṅgirasas (a class of Vedic sages))

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of aṅgiras

aṅgiras - Aṅgiras (name of a Vedic sage and a class of sages)

वरम् (varam) - best (adjective for guru) (best, excellent, boon, choice)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, choice, boon, bridegroom

कथम् (katham) - how (how? in what manner?)

(indeclinable)

सुनीतम् (sunītam) - well-managed, good counsel (well-conducted, well-managed, good policy/counsel)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sunīta

sunīta - well-conducted, well-led, good policy, good counsel

Past Passive Participle

Formed from su (good) + nīta (led, derived from root nī). Often used substantively as 'good policy/management'.

Compound type : pravrddhi-tatpurusha (su+nīta)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
• nīta – led, guided, brought
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root nī (to lead).
  Root: nī (class 1)

Note: Used substantively as 'good counsel/policy'.

तु (tu) - indeed (emphasizing the question) (but, indeed, yet, then)

(indeclinable)

भवेत् (bhavet) - may be (may be, let it be, should be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi liṅ) of bhū

Optative mood, 3rd person singular

Root: bhū (class 1)

मन्त्रयस्व (mantrayasva) - please advise (advise, consult, deliberate)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of mantr

Imperative mood, 2nd person singular, middle voice

From root mantr (10th class, 'to deliberate, advise'), with middle voice ending.

Root: mantr (class 10)

बृहस्पते (bṛhaspate) - O Brihaspati

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bṛhaspati

bṛhaspati - Brihaspati (preceptor of the gods), lord of prayer