महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-245, verse-12

युधिष्ठिर महाबाहो शृणु धर्मभृतां वर ।
नातप्ततपसः पुत्र प्राप्नुवन्ति महत्सुखम् ॥१२॥

12. yudhiṣṭhira mahābāho śṛṇu dharmabhṛtāṁ vara ,
nātaptatapasaḥ putra prāpnuvanti mahatsukham.

12. yudhiṣṭhira mahābāho śṛṇu dharmabhṛtām vara na
ataptatapasaḥ putra prāpnuvanti mahat sukham

12. O Yudhishthira, O mighty-armed one, O best among those who uphold natural law (dharma), listen, O son! Those who have not performed severe austerity (tapas) do not attain great happiness.

12. הו יוּדְהִישְׁתְהִירַה בעל הזרועות החזקות, המעולה שבנושאי חוק היושר, שמע. בני, מי שלא לבה את העוצמה הרוחנית אינו משיג אושר גדול.

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhishthira (Yudhishthira)

• महाबाहो (mahābāho) - O mighty-armed one (referring to Yudhishthira) (O mighty-armed one)

• शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen (listen, hear)

• धर्मभृताम् (dharmabhṛtām) - of those who uphold natural law (dharma)

• वर (vara) - O best (among them, referring to Yudhishthira) (O best, O excellent one)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• अतप्ततपसः (ataptatapasaḥ) - those who have not performed severe austerity (tapas) (of one who has not performed penance (tapas))

• पुत्र (putra) - O son (referring to Yudhishthira) (O son)

• प्राप्नुवन्ति (prāpnuvanti) - do not attain (they attain, they obtain)

• महत् (mahat) - great (great, large, mighty)

• सुखम् (sukham) - great happiness (happiness, joy, comfort)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhishthira (Yudhishthira)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (proper name, literally 'firm in battle')

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  noun
• sthira – firm, steady
  adjective
  Root: sthā (class 1)

महाबाहो (mahābāho) - O mighty-armed one (referring to Yudhishthira) (O mighty-armed one)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahābāhu

mahābāhu - mighty-armed, one with great arms

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+bāhu)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• bāhu – arm
  noun (masculine)

Note: Epithet for Yudhishthira.

शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen (listen, hear)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śru

Root: śru (class 5)

धर्मभृताम् (dharmabhṛtām) - of those who uphold natural law (dharma)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of dharmabhṛt

dharmabhṛt - upholder of dharma, righteous

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+bhṛt)

• dharma – natural law, righteousness, duty, constitution
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• bhṛt – bearing, carrying, supporting, upholding
  adjective
  Agent Noun (suffix -kvip)
  Derived from √bhṛ (to bear, support)
  Root: bhṛ (class 1)

वर (vara) - O best (among them, referring to Yudhishthira) (O best, O excellent one)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, boon, choice

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation.

अतप्ततपसः (ataptatapasaḥ) - those who have not performed severe austerity (tapas) (of one who has not performed penance (tapas))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ataptatapas

ataptatapas - one who has not performed penance/austerity

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+tapta+tapas)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• tapta – heated, performed (of penance)
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'tap' (to heat, perform penance)
  Root: tap (class 1)
• tapas – penance, austerity, heat
  noun (neuter)
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'prāpnuvanti'.

पुत्र (putra) - O son (referring to Yudhishthira) (O son)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son

प्राप्नुवन्ति (prāpnuvanti) - do not attain (they attain, they obtain)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of prāp

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

महत् (mahat) - great (great, large, mighty)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, vast, important

Note: Qualifies 'sukham'.

सुखम् (sukham) - great happiness (happiness, joy, comfort)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - happiness, joy, comfort, pleasure

Note: Object of 'prāpnuvanti'.

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