महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-245, verse-12

युधिष्ठिर महाबाहो शृणु धर्मभृतां वर ।
नातप्ततपसः पुत्र प्राप्नुवन्ति महत्सुखम् ॥१२॥

12. yudhiṣṭhira mahābāho śṛṇu dharmabhṛtāṁ vara ,
nātaptatapasaḥ putra prāpnuvanti mahatsukham.

12. yudhiṣṭhira mahābāho śṛṇu dharmabhṛtām vara na
ataptatapasaḥ putra prāpnuvanti mahat sukham

12. O Yudhishthira, O mighty-armed one, O best among those who uphold natural law (dharma), listen, O son! Those who have not performed severe austerity (tapas) do not attain great happiness.

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhishthira (Yudhishthira)

• महाबाहो (mahābāho) - O mighty-armed one (referring to Yudhishthira) (O mighty-armed one)

• शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen (listen, hear)

• धर्मभृताम् (dharmabhṛtām) - of those who uphold natural law (dharma)

• वर (vara) - O best (among them, referring to Yudhishthira) (O best, O excellent one)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• अतप्ततपसः (ataptatapasaḥ) - those who have not performed severe austerity (tapas) (of one who has not performed penance (tapas))

• पुत्र (putra) - O son (referring to Yudhishthira) (O son)

• प्राप्नुवन्ति (prāpnuvanti) - do not attain (they attain, they obtain)

• महत् (mahat) - great (great, large, mighty)

• सुखम् (sukham) - great happiness (happiness, joy, comfort)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhishthira (Yudhishthira)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (proper name, literally 'firm in battle')

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  noun
• sthira – firm, steady
  adjective
  Root: sthā (class 1)

महाबाहो (mahābāho) - O mighty-armed one (referring to Yudhishthira) (O mighty-armed one)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahābāhu

mahābāhu - mighty-armed, one with great arms

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+bāhu)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• bāhu – arm
  noun (masculine)

Note: Epithet for Yudhishthira.

शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen (listen, hear)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śru

Root: śru (class 5)

धर्मभृताम् (dharmabhṛtām) - of those who uphold natural law (dharma)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of dharmabhṛt

dharmabhṛt - upholder of dharma, righteous

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+bhṛt)

• dharma – natural law, righteousness, duty, constitution
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• bhṛt – bearing, carrying, supporting, upholding
  adjective
  Agent Noun (suffix -kvip)
  Derived from √bhṛ (to bear, support)
  Root: bhṛ (class 1)

वर (vara) - O best (among them, referring to Yudhishthira) (O best, O excellent one)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, boon, choice

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation.

अतप्ततपसः (ataptatapasaḥ) - those who have not performed severe austerity (tapas) (of one who has not performed penance (tapas))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ataptatapas

ataptatapas - one who has not performed penance/austerity

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+tapta+tapas)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• tapta – heated, performed (of penance)
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'tap' (to heat, perform penance)
  Root: tap (class 1)
• tapas – penance, austerity, heat
  noun (neuter)
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'prāpnuvanti'.

पुत्र (putra) - O son (referring to Yudhishthira) (O son)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son

प्राप्नुवन्ति (prāpnuvanti) - do not attain (they attain, they obtain)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of prāp

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

महत् (mahat) - great (great, large, mighty)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, vast, important

Note: Qualifies 'sukham'.

सुखम् (sukham) - great happiness (happiness, joy, comfort)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - happiness, joy, comfort, pleasure

Note: Object of 'prāpnuvanti'.