महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-245, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
वने निवसतां तेषां पाण्डवानां महात्मनाम् ।
वर्षाण्येकादशातीयुः कृच्छ्रेण भरतर्षभ ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
vane nivasatāṁ teṣāṁ pāṇḍavānāṁ mahātmanām ,
varṣāṇyekādaśātīyuḥ kṛcchreṇa bharatarṣabha.

1. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca vane nivasatām teṣām pāṇḍavānām
mahātmanām varṣāṇi ekādaśa atīyuḥ kṛcchreṇa bharataṛṣabha

1. Vaiśampāyana said: O bull among Bhāratas, eleven years passed with great difficulty for those great-souled Pāṇḍavas while they resided in the forest.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - the narrator of the Mahābhārata (Vaiśampāyana)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• वने (vane) - in the Kāmyaka forest (in the forest)

• निवसताम् (nivasatām) - of the Pāṇḍavas residing in the forest (of those residing, dwelling)

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of the Pāṇḍavas (of them, their)

• पाण्डवानाम् (pāṇḍavānām) - of the Pāṇḍavas

• महात्मनाम् (mahātmanām) - of the magnanimous Pāṇḍavas (of the great-souled ones)

• वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years (years, rains)

• एकादश (ekādaśa) - eleven

• अतीयुः (atīyuḥ) - they passed, went by

• कृच्छ्रेण (kṛcchreṇa) - with difficulty, with hardship

• भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O King Janamejaya (O bull among Bhāratas, O best of Bhāratas)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - the narrator of the Mahābhārata (Vaiśampāyana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśampāyana (a sage, narrator)

Note: subject of uvāca

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

वने (vane) - in the Kāmyaka forest (in the forest)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, hermitage

Note: location of residence

निवसताम् (nivasatām) - of the Pāṇḍavas residing in the forest (of those residing, dwelling)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of nivasat

nivasat - residing, dwelling

Present Active Participle

from root vas (to dwell) with prefix ni- (down, in)

Prefix: ni

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: qualifies teṣām Pāṇḍavānām Mahātmanām

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of the Pāṇḍavas (of them, their)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: refers to Pāṇḍavas

पाण्डवानाम् (pāṇḍavānām) - of the Pāṇḍavas

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - son of Pāṇḍu

derivative from Pāṇḍu

महात्मनाम् (mahātmanām) - of the magnanimous Pāṇḍavas (of the great-souled ones)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, magnanimous, noble

compound of mahā (great) and ātman (soul/self)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essential nature
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

Note: qualifies Pāṇḍavānām

वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years (years, rains)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of varṣa

varṣa - year, rain, monsoon

Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

Note: subject of atīyuḥ

एकादश (ekādaśa) - eleven

(numeral)

Note: qualifies varṣāṇi

अतीयुः (atīyuḥ) - they passed, went by

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of i

Prefix: ati

Root: i (class 2)

Note: here, refers to years passing

कृच्छ्रेण (kṛcchreṇa) - with difficulty, with hardship

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of kṛcchra

kṛcchra - difficulty, hardship, distress

Note: adverbial usage

भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O King Janamejaya (O bull among Bhāratas, O best of Bhāratas)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatarṣabha

bharatarṣabha - best of Bharatas, bull among Bharatas

compound of Bharata (a clan/dynasty) and ṛṣabha (bull, best)

Compound type : tatpurusha (bharata+ṛṣabha)

• bharata – a descendant of Bharata (name of a king); belonging to the Bharata clan
  proper noun (masculine)
  Root: bhṛ (class 1)
• ṛṣabha – bull, best, chief, excellent
  noun (masculine)

Note: addressee of the narrator Vaiśampāyana