महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-245, verse-10

तमासीनमुपासीनः शुश्रूषुर्नियतेन्द्रियः ।
तोषयन्प्रणिपातेन व्यासं पाण्डवनन्दनः ॥१०॥

10. tamāsīnamupāsīnaḥ śuśrūṣurniyatendriyaḥ ,
toṣayanpraṇipātena vyāsaṁ pāṇḍavanandanaḥ.

10. tam āsīnam upāsīnaḥ śuśrūṣuḥ niyatendriyaḥ
toṣayan praṇipātena vyāsam pāṇḍavanandanaḥ

10. The son of Pandu (Yudhishthira), with his senses controlled, approached Vyasa who was seated there. Desirous of hearing, he pleased him with prostration.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (referring to Vyasa) (him, that)

• आसीनम् (āsīnam) - seated (referring to Vyasa) (seated, having sat)

• उपासीनः (upāsīnaḥ) - approached (to serve/attend) (sitting near, worshipping, serving)

• शुश्रूषुः (śuśrūṣuḥ) - desirous of hearing (desirous of hearing, obedient, eager to serve)

• नियतेन्द्रियः (niyatendriyaḥ) - with his senses controlled (with senses controlled)

• तोषयन् (toṣayan) - pleasing (Vyasa) (pleasing, gladdening)

• प्रणिपातेन (praṇipātena) - by prostration (by bowing down, by prostration, by obeisance)

• व्यासम् (vyāsam) - Vyasa

• पाण्डवनन्दनः (pāṇḍavanandanaḥ) - Yudhishthira, son of Pandu (son of Pandu)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (referring to Vyasa) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

आसीनम् (āsīnam) - seated (referring to Vyasa) (seated, having sat)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āsīna

āsīna - seated, sitting

Past Active Participle

Derived from root 'ās' (to sit) with suffix '-āna' (for middle voice participles, often used for active in specific contexts)

Prefix: ā

Root: ās (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'tam' (Vyasa).

उपासीनः (upāsīnaḥ) - approached (to serve/attend) (sitting near, worshipping, serving)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upāsīna

upāsīna - one who is serving, attending, worshipping, sitting near

Past Active Participle

Derived from root 'ās' (to sit) with prefix 'upa' and suffix '-āna' (for middle voice participles, often used for active in specific contexts)

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: ās (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'pāṇḍavanandanaḥ'.

शुश्रूषुः (śuśrūṣuḥ) - desirous of hearing (desirous of hearing, obedient, eager to serve)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śuśrūṣu

śuśrūṣu - desirous of hearing, obedient, eager to serve

Desiderative Adjective

Desiderative formation of √śru (to hear)

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Qualifies 'pāṇḍavanandanaḥ'.

नियतेन्द्रियः (niyatendriyaḥ) - with his senses controlled (with senses controlled)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niyatendriya

niyatendriya - one whose senses are restrained/controlled

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (niyata+indriya)

• niyata – restrained, controlled, disciplined
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'yam' (to restrain) with prefix 'ni'
  Prefix: ni
  Root: yam (class 1)
• indriya – sense organ, faculty
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'pāṇḍavanandanaḥ'.

तोषयन् (toṣayan) - pleasing (Vyasa) (pleasing, gladdening)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of toṣayat

toṣayat - pleasing, gladdening

Present Active Participle

Derived from causative of √tuṣ (to be pleased) with suffix '-at'

Root: tuṣ (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'pāṇḍavanandanaḥ'.

प्रणिपातेन (praṇipātena) - by prostration (by bowing down, by prostration, by obeisance)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of praṇipāta

praṇipāta - bowing down, prostration, obeisance

Prefixes: pra+ni

Root: pat (class 1)

व्यासम् (vyāsam) - Vyasa

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vyāsa

vyāsa - Vyasa (name of a revered sage)

Note: Object of 'toṣayan'.

पाण्डवनन्दनः (pāṇḍavanandanaḥ) - Yudhishthira, son of Pandu (son of Pandu)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍavanandana

pāṇḍavanandana - son of Pandu

Compound type : tatpurusha (pāṇḍava+nandana)

• pāṇḍava – descendant of Pandu
  noun (masculine)
  vrddhi derivative from Pandu
• nandana – son, delight
  noun (masculine)
  Root: nand (class 1)

Note: Subject of the sentence (implied verb 'approached' or 'did').