महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-245, verse-11

तानवेक्ष्य कृशान्पौत्रान्वने वन्येन जीवतः ।
महर्षिरनुकम्पार्थमब्रवीद्बाष्पगद्गदम् ॥११॥

11. tānavekṣya kṛśānpautrānvane vanyena jīvataḥ ,
maharṣiranukampārthamabravīdbāṣpagadgadam.

11. tān avekṣya kṛśān pautrān vane vanyena jīvataḥ
maharṣiḥ anukampārtham abravīt bāṣpagadgadam

11. Observing his emaciated grandsons living in the forest, subsisting on wild food, the great sage (Vyasa), out of compassion, spoke with a voice choked with tears.

Words meanings summery:

• तान् (tān) - those (referring to the Pandavas) (those)

• अवेक्ष्य (avekṣya) - observing (having seen, having observed)

• कृशान् (kṛśān) - emaciated (emaciated, thin, weak)

• पौत्रान् (pautrān) - grandsons (referring to the Pandavas) (grandson)

• वने (vane) - in the forest (where they were exiled) (in the forest)

• वन्येन (vanyena) - by wild food/forest products (by forest products, by wild things)

• जीवतः (jīvataḥ) - living, subsisting (on forest food) (living, subsisting)

• महर्षिः (maharṣiḥ) - the great sage (Vyasa) (great sage)

• अनुकम्पार्थम् (anukampārtham) - out of compassion (for the sake of compassion, out of pity)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke (spoke, said)

• बाष्पगद्गदम् (bāṣpagadgadam) - with a voice choked with tears (choked with tears, tearful and faltering)

Words meanings and morphology

तान् (tān) - those (referring to the Pandavas) (those)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of 'avekṣya'.

अवेक्ष्य (avekṣya) - observing (having seen, having observed)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root 'īkṣ' (to see) with prefix 'ava' and suffix '-ya'

Prefix: ava

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

कृशान् (kṛśān) - emaciated (emaciated, thin, weak)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of kṛśa

kṛśa - thin, emaciated, weak, meager

Note: Qualifies 'pautrān'.

पौत्रान् (pautrān) - grandsons (referring to the Pandavas) (grandson)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pautra

pautra - grandson (son's son or daughter's son)

Note: Object of 'avekṣya'.

वने (vane) - in the forest (where they were exiled) (in the forest)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove

वन्येन (vanyena) - by wild food/forest products (by forest products, by wild things)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of vanya

vanya - belonging to the forest, wild; forest products, wild food

Note: Used adverbially or as instrumental object of sustenance.

जीवतः (jīvataḥ) - living, subsisting (on forest food) (living, subsisting)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of jīvat

jīvat - living, alive, subsisting

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'jīv' (to live) with suffix '-at'

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'pautrān'.

महर्षिः (maharṣiḥ) - the great sage (Vyasa) (great sage)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of maharṣi

maharṣi - great sage, exalted seer

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ṛṣi)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ṛṣi – sage, seer
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of 'abravīt'.

अनुकम्पार्थम् (anukampārtham) - out of compassion (for the sake of compassion, out of pity)

(indeclinable)

Compound type : tatpurusha (anukampā+artha)

• anukampā – compassion, pity, sympathy
  noun (feminine)
  Prefix: anu
  Root: kamp (class 1)
• artha – purpose, meaning, sake, wealth
  noun (masculine)

Note: Accusative of purpose, used as an indeclinable.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke (spoke, said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Aorist-like formation in imperfect.

बाष्पगद्गदम् (bāṣpagadgadam) - with a voice choked with tears (choked with tears, tearful and faltering)

(indeclinable)

Compound type : tatpurusha (bāṣpa+gadgada)

• bāṣpa – tears
  noun (masculine)
• gadgada – stammering, faltering (voice)
  adjective

Note: Accusative singular neuter used as adverb.