महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-17, verse-8

तदापतन्तं संदृश्य बलं शाल्वपतेस्तदा ।
निर्याय योधयामासुः कुमारा वृष्णिनन्दनाः ॥८॥

8. tadāpatantaṁ saṁdṛśya balaṁ śālvapatestadā ,
niryāya yodhayāmāsuḥ kumārā vṛṣṇinandanāḥ.

8. tadā āpatantam saṃdṛśya balam śālvapateḥ tadā
niryāya yodhayāmāsuḥ kumārāḥ vṛṣṇinandanāḥ

8. At that time, seeing the army of King Shalva approaching, the princes, the descendants of Vrishni, sallied forth and engaged in battle.

Words meanings summery:

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• आपतन्तम् (āpatantam) - approaching, falling upon

• संदृश्य (saṁdṛśya) - having seen, perceiving

• बलम् (balam) - army, force, strength

• शाल्वपतेः (śālvapateḥ) - of the lord of Shalva, of King Shalva

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• निर्याय (niryāya) - having gone out, having sallied forth

• योधयामासुः (yodhayāmāsuḥ) - they caused to fight, they fought

• कुमाराः (kumārāḥ) - princes, young men

• वृष्णिनन्दनाः (vṛṣṇinandanāḥ) - sons of Vrishni, descendants of Vrishni

Words meanings and morphology

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

आपतन्तम् (āpatantam) - approaching, falling upon

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āpatat

āpatat - approaching, falling upon

Present Active Participle

Derived from root √pat (1st class) with prefix ā-

Prefix: ā

Root: pat (class 1)

संदृश्य (saṁdṛśya) - having seen, perceiving

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Absolutive of root √dṛś (1st class) with prefix sam-

Prefix: sam

Root: dṛś (class 1)

बलम् (balam) - army, force, strength

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, army, force

शाल्वपतेः (śālvapateḥ) - of the lord of Shalva, of King Shalva

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of śālvapati

śālvapati - lord of Salva, king of Salva

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śālva+pati)

• śālva – name of a kingdom/people, relating to Shalva
  proper noun (masculine)
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

निर्याय (niryāya) - having gone out, having sallied forth

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Absolutive of root √yā (2nd class) with prefix nis-

Prefix: nis

Root: yā (class 2)

योधयामासुः (yodhayāmāsuḥ) - they caused to fight, they fought

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of yodhaya

Causative stem + Periphrastic Perfect

Causative of root √yudh (4th class), formed with 'ām āsuḥ'

Root: yudh (class 4)

कुमाराः (kumārāḥ) - princes, young men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kumāra

kumāra - boy, youth, prince, son

वृष्णिनन्दनाः (vṛṣṇinandanāḥ) - sons of Vrishni, descendants of Vrishni

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vṛṣṇinandana

vṛṣṇinandana - descendant/son of Vrishni

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vṛṣṇi+nandana)

• vṛṣṇi – name of an ancient clan
  proper noun (masculine)
• nandana – son, delightful, gladdening
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root √nand
  Root: nand (class 1)