महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-17, verse-23

ततः सुतुमुलं युद्धं चारुदेष्णविविन्ध्ययोः ।
वृत्रवासवयो राजन्यथा पूर्वं तथाभवत् ॥२३॥

23. tataḥ sutumulaṁ yuddhaṁ cārudeṣṇavivindhyayoḥ ,
vṛtravāsavayo rājanyathā pūrvaṁ tathābhavat.

23. tataḥ sutumulam yuddham cārudeṣṇavivindhyayoḥ
vṛtravāsavayoḥ rājan yathā pūrvam tathā abhavat

23. O king, then a very fierce battle took place between Charudeṣṇa and Vivindhya, just as it had previously occurred between Vritra and Vasava (Indra).

23. אז, הו מלך, התנהל קרב סוער בין צ׳ָארוּדֵשְׁנַה לוִוִינְדְהְיַה, כמו הקרב הקדום בין וְרְטְרַה לבין וָאסַוַה.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

• सुतुमुलम् (sutumulam) - very fierce, extremely tumultuous

• युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, fight, war

• चारुदेष्णविविन्ध्ययोः (cārudeṣṇavivindhyayoḥ) - between Prince Charudeṣṇa and the demon Vivindhya (of Charudeṣṇa and Vivindhya, between Charudeṣṇa and Vivindhya)

• वृत्रवासवयोः (vṛtravāsavayoḥ) - between the demon Vritra and the god Indra (of Vritra and Vasava (Indra), between Vritra and Vasava)

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as, in what manner

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - formerly, previously, before

• तथा (tathā) - so, thus, in that manner

• अभवत् (abhavat) - happened, occurred, was

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates sequence of events.

सुतुमुलम् (sutumulam) - very fierce, extremely tumultuous

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sutumula

sutumula - very tumultuous, exceedingly fierce

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+tumula)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating intensity or excellence
• tumula – tumultuous, noisy, agitated, fierce
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Qualifies yuddham.

युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, fight, war

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

Past Passive Particple used as noun

Derived from √yudh (to fight)

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Subject of abhavat.

चारुदेष्णविविन्ध्ययोः (cārudeṣṇavivindhyayoḥ) - between Prince Charudeṣṇa and the demon Vivindhya (of Charudeṣṇa and Vivindhya, between Charudeṣṇa and Vivindhya)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, dual of cārudeṣṇavivindhya

cārudeṣṇavivindhya - Charudeṣṇa and Vivindhya

Compound type : dvandva (cārudeṣṇa+vivindhya)

• cārudeṣṇa – Charudeṣṇa (name of a prince)
  proper noun (masculine)
• vivindhya – Vivindhya (name of a demon)
  proper noun (masculine)

Note: Indicates the participants of the battle.

वृत्रवासवयोः (vṛtravāsavayoḥ) - between the demon Vritra and the god Indra (of Vritra and Vasava (Indra), between Vritra and Vasava)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, dual of vṛtravāsava

vṛtravāsava - Vritra and Vasava (Indra)

Compound type : dvandva (vṛtra+vāsava)

• vṛtra – Vritra (name of a demon)
  proper noun (masculine)
• vāsava – Vasava (an epithet of Indra)
  proper noun (masculine)
  Patronymic from Vasu, meaning 'son of Vasu'

Note: Serves as a simile, comparing the current battle to a famous mythological one.

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king

Note: Direct address.

यथा (yathā) - as, just as, in what manner

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a comparison.

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - formerly, previously, before

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pūrva

pūrva - former, previous, eastern

Note: Adverbial usage, indicating time.

तथा (tathā) - so, thus, in that manner

(indeclinable)

Note: Corresponds to yathā, completing the comparison.

अभवत् (abhavat) - happened, occurred, was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular

Root √bhū, 1st class, parasmaipada. Form: a-bhav-at.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: The main verb, describing the occurrence of the battle.

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