महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-17, verse-20

तया त्वभिहतो राजन्वेगवानपतद्भुवि ।
वातरुग्ण इव क्षुण्णो जीर्णमूलो वनस्पतिः ॥२०॥

20. tayā tvabhihato rājanvegavānapatadbhuvi ,
vātarugṇa iva kṣuṇṇo jīrṇamūlo vanaspatiḥ.

20. tayā tu abhihataḥ rājan vegavān apatat bhuvi
vātarugṇaḥ iva kṣuṇṇaḥ jīrṇamūlaḥ vanaspatiḥ

20. O king, struck down by her, that swift warrior fell to the ground like a large tree with withered roots, broken and crushed by the wind.

Words meanings summery:

• तया (tayā) - by her, with her, by that

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however, on the other hand

• अभिहतः (abhihataḥ) - struck, struck down, killed, injured

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• वेगवान् (vegavān) - swift, fast, powerful, impetuous

• अपतत् (apatat) - fell down, descended

• भुवि (bhuvi) - on the ground, on the earth

• वातरुग्णः (vātarugṇaḥ) - wind-broken, shattered by wind

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• क्षुण्णः (kṣuṇṇaḥ) - crushed, trodden, pounded

• जीर्णमूलः (jīrṇamūlaḥ) - having withered roots, old-rooted

• वनस्पतिः (vanaspatiḥ) - tree, large tree, lord of the forest

Words meanings and morphology

तया (tayā) - by her, with her, by that

(pronoun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

Note: Refers to a feminine agent or instrument from previous context.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

अभिहतः (abhihataḥ) - struck, struck down, killed, injured

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhihata

abhihata - struck, killed, defeated

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √han (to strike, kill) with upasarga abhi-

Prefix: abhi

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Describes the warrior (implied subject).

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king

Note: Direct address to a king.

वेगवान् (vegavān) - swift, fast, powerful, impetuous

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vegavat

vegavat - swift, quick, powerful

Possessive suffix -vat

Note: Describes the fallen warrior.

अपतत् (apatat) - fell down, descended

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pat

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular

Root √pat, 1st class, parasmaipada. Form: a-pat-at.

Root: pat (class 1)

भुवि (bhuvi) - on the ground, on the earth

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhū

bhū - earth, ground, land

वातरुग्णः (vātarugṇaḥ) - wind-broken, shattered by wind

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vātarugṇa

vātarugṇa - broken by the wind

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vāta+rugṇa)

• vāta – wind, air
  noun (masculine)
• rugṇa – broken, diseased, afflicted
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from √ruj (to break, to pain)
  Root: ruj (class 6)

Note: Describes vanaspatiḥ.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

क्षुण्णः (kṣuṇṇaḥ) - crushed, trodden, pounded

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣuṇṇa

kṣuṇṇa - crushed, trodden, pounded

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √kṣuṇ (to crush, tread)

Root: kṣuṇ (class 1)

Note: Describes vanaspatiḥ, used along with vātarugṇaḥ and jīrṇamūlaḥ.

जीर्णमूलः (jīrṇamūlaḥ) - having withered roots, old-rooted

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jīrṇamūla

jīrṇamūla - having decayed roots

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (jīrṇa+mūla)

• jīrṇa – decayed, withered, old
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from √jṝ (to decay, wear out)
  Root: jṝ (class 9)
• mūla – root, origin, basis
  noun (neuter)

Note: Describes vanaspatiḥ.

वनस्पतिः (vanaspatiḥ) - tree, large tree, lord of the forest

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vanaspati

vanaspati - large tree, lord of the forest

Note: The subject of the simile.