महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-17, verse-20

तया त्वभिहतो राजन्वेगवानपतद्भुवि ।
वातरुग्ण इव क्षुण्णो जीर्णमूलो वनस्पतिः ॥२०॥

20. tayā tvabhihato rājanvegavānapatadbhuvi ,
vātarugṇa iva kṣuṇṇo jīrṇamūlo vanaspatiḥ.

20. tayā tu abhihataḥ rājan vegavān apatat bhuvi
vātarugṇaḥ iva kṣuṇṇaḥ jīrṇamūlaḥ vanaspatiḥ

20. O king, struck down by her, that swift warrior fell to the ground like a large tree with withered roots, broken and crushed by the wind.

20. הו מלך, וֵגַוַאן נפגע ממנה ונפל על הארץ, כמו עץ יער ישן שורשים שנשבר ונופץ בידי הרוח.

Words meanings summery:

• तया (tayā) - by her, with her, by that

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however, on the other hand

• अभिहतः (abhihataḥ) - struck, struck down, killed, injured

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• वेगवान् (vegavān) - swift, fast, powerful, impetuous

• अपतत् (apatat) - fell down, descended

• भुवि (bhuvi) - on the ground, on the earth

• वातरुग्णः (vātarugṇaḥ) - wind-broken, shattered by wind

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• क्षुण्णः (kṣuṇṇaḥ) - crushed, trodden, pounded

• जीर्णमूलः (jīrṇamūlaḥ) - having withered roots, old-rooted

• वनस्पतिः (vanaspatiḥ) - tree, large tree, lord of the forest

Words meanings and morphology

तया (tayā) - by her, with her, by that

(pronoun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

Note: Refers to a feminine agent or instrument from previous context.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

अभिहतः (abhihataḥ) - struck, struck down, killed, injured

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhihata

abhihata - struck, killed, defeated

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √han (to strike, kill) with upasarga abhi-

Prefix: abhi

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Describes the warrior (implied subject).

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king

Note: Direct address to a king.

वेगवान् (vegavān) - swift, fast, powerful, impetuous

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vegavat

vegavat - swift, quick, powerful

Possessive suffix -vat

Note: Describes the fallen warrior.

अपतत् (apatat) - fell down, descended

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pat

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular

Root √pat, 1st class, parasmaipada. Form: a-pat-at.

Root: pat (class 1)

भुवि (bhuvi) - on the ground, on the earth

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhū

bhū - earth, ground, land

वातरुग्णः (vātarugṇaḥ) - wind-broken, shattered by wind

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vātarugṇa

vātarugṇa - broken by the wind

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vāta+rugṇa)

• vāta – wind, air
  noun (masculine)
• rugṇa – broken, diseased, afflicted
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from √ruj (to break, to pain)
  Root: ruj (class 6)

Note: Describes vanaspatiḥ.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

क्षुण्णः (kṣuṇṇaḥ) - crushed, trodden, pounded

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣuṇṇa

kṣuṇṇa - crushed, trodden, pounded

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √kṣuṇ (to crush, tread)

Root: kṣuṇ (class 1)

Note: Describes vanaspatiḥ, used along with vātarugṇaḥ and jīrṇamūlaḥ.

जीर्णमूलः (jīrṇamūlaḥ) - having withered roots, old-rooted

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jīrṇamūla

jīrṇamūla - having decayed roots

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (jīrṇa+mūla)

• jīrṇa – decayed, withered, old
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from √jṝ (to decay, wear out)
  Root: jṝ (class 9)
• mūla – root, origin, basis
  noun (neuter)

Note: Describes vanaspatiḥ.

वनस्पतिः (vanaspatiḥ) - tree, large tree, lord of the forest

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vanaspati

vanaspati - large tree, lord of the forest

Note: The subject of the simile.

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