महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-17, verse-21

तस्मिन्निपतिते वीरे गदानुन्ने महासुरे ।
प्रविश्य महतीं सेनां योधयामास मे सुतः ॥२१॥

21. tasminnipatite vīre gadānunne mahāsure ,
praviśya mahatīṁ senāṁ yodhayāmāsa me sutaḥ.

21. tasmin nipatite vīre gadānunne mahāsure
praviśya mahatīm senām yodhayāmāsa me sutaḥ

21. After that great demon, that hero, fell, having been struck by the mace, my son entered the vast army and engaged in battle.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that, on that

• निपतिते (nipatite) - fallen, having fallen, when fallen

• वीरे (vīre) - in the hero, to the hero

• गदानुन्ने (gadānunne) - having been struck/pushed by a mace

• महासुरे (mahāsure) - in the great demon

• प्रविश्य (praviśya) - having entered, entering

• महतीम् (mahatīm) - great, large, vast

• सेनाम् (senām) - army, host, military

• योधयामास (yodhayāmāsa) - fought, caused to fight

• मे (me) - my, of me

• सुतः (sutaḥ) - son

Words meanings and morphology

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that, on that

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

Note: Refers to the mahāsura.

निपतिते (nipatite) - fallen, having fallen, when fallen

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of nipatita

nipatita - fallen, descended, prostrate

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √pat (to fall) with upasarga ni-

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Forms a locative absolute construction with tasmin, vīre, gadānunne, mahāsure.

वीरे (vīre) - in the hero, to the hero

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of vīra

vīra - hero, warrior, valiant

Note: Refers to the mahāsura.

गदानुन्ने (gadānunne) - having been struck/pushed by a mace

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of gadānunna

gadānunna - struck by a mace, driven by a mace

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gadā+anunna)

• gadā – mace, club
  noun (feminine)
• anunna – driven, pressed, pushed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from √nud (to push, impel) with upasarga anu-
  Prefix: anu
  Root: nud (class 6)

Note: Describes the mahāsura, part of the locative absolute.

महासुरे (mahāsure) - in the great demon

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of mahāsura

mahāsura - great demon

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+asura)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• asura – demon, titan
  noun (masculine)

Note: Main noun in the locative absolute construction.

प्रविश्य (praviśya) - having entered, entering

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from √viś (to enter) with upasarga pra- and suffix -ya

Prefix: pra

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Describes the action of the son before fighting.

महतीम् (mahatīm) - great, large, vast

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, vast

Note: Qualifies senām.

सेनाम् (senām) - army, host, military

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of senā

senā - army, host, military

Note: Object of praviśya.

योधयामास (yodhayāmāsa) - fought, caused to fight

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of yudh

Periphrastic Perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Formed with the root √yudh (or causative yodhaya) and a form of the root √ās (to be) as auxiliary verb. Specifically, yodhaya (causative stem) + ām āsa.

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: The action performed by the son.

मे (me) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Enclitic form of the genitive of asmad.

सुतः (sutaḥ) - son

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suta

suta - son

Note: The subject of yodhayāmāsa.