महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-17, verse-26

स विविन्ध्याय सक्रोधः समाहूय महारथः ।
चिक्षेप मे सुतो राजन्स गतासुरथापतत् ॥२६॥

26. sa vivindhyāya sakrodhaḥ samāhūya mahārathaḥ ,
cikṣepa me suto rājansa gatāsurathāpatat.

26. sa vivindhyāya sakrodhaḥ samāhūya mahārathaḥ
cikṣepa me sutaḥ rājan sa gatāsuḥ atha apatat

26. O King, that great warrior (Pradyumna), enraged, having challenged my son Vivindhya, cast (the arrow at him). Then, he (Vivindhya) fell lifeless.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - Pradyumna (he, that)

• विविन्ध्याय (vivindhyāya) - to Vivindhya, for Vivindhya

• सक्रोधः (sakrodhaḥ) - enraged, with anger

• समाहूय (samāhūya) - having challenged, having called out

• महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - great warrior, one who fights from a great chariot

• चिक्षेप (cikṣepa) - he cast, he threw, he hurled

• मे (me) - of Dhṛtarāṣṭra (my, of me)

• सुतः (sutaḥ) - Vivindhya (son)

• राजन् (rājan) - O Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O King)

• स (sa) - Vivindhya (he, that)

• गतासुः (gatāsuḥ) - lifeless, dead, whose life has departed

• अथ (atha) - then, thus, moreover

• अपतत् (apatat) - he fell down

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - Pradyumna (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

विविन्ध्याय (vivindhyāya) - to Vivindhya, for Vivindhya

(proper noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of vivindhya

vivindhya - name of a warrior (son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

Note: Indirect object of cikṣepa.

सक्रोधः (sakrodhaḥ) - enraged, with anger

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sakrodha

sakrodha - with anger, enraged, furious

Compound: sa (with) + krodha (anger)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sa+krodha)

• sa – with, accompanied by
  indeclinable
• krodha – anger, wrath
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root krudh (क्रुध्).
  Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Qualifying Pradyumna.

समाहूय (samāhūya) - having challenged, having called out

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Root hū (हू) with upasargas sam (सम्) and ā (आ).

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: hū (class 3)

Note: Expresses an action completed before the main verb cikṣepa.

महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - great warrior, one who fights from a great chariot

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāratha

mahāratha - great warrior, one who can fight ten thousand warriors from his chariot

Compound: mahat (great) + ratha (chariot).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+ratha)

• mahat – great, large, mighty
  adjective (neuter)
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifying Pradyumna.

चिक्षेप (cikṣepa) - he cast, he threw, he hurled

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of kṣip

Perfect Tense

Reduplicated past tense (Perfect).

Root: kṣip (class 6)

Note: The object (arrow) is implied from the previous verse.

मे (me) - of Dhṛtarāṣṭra (my, of me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Enclitic genitive/dative form of the first person pronoun.

Note: Poetic form for mama.

सुतः (sutaḥ) - Vivindhya (son)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suta

suta - son, begotten

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root sū (सू) 'to give birth'.

Root: sū (class 2)

Note: Often used as a noun meaning 'son'.

राजन् (rājan) - O Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O King)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

स (sa) - Vivindhya (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

गतासुः (gatāsuḥ) - lifeless, dead, whose life has departed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gatāsu

gatāsu - lifeless, dead, whose breath has gone

Compound: gata (gone) + asu (breath/life).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (gata+asu)

• gata – gone, departed, past
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root gam (गम्).
  Root: gam (class 1)
• asu – breath, life, vital air
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifying Vivindhya.

अथ (atha) - then, thus, moreover

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

अपतत् (apatat) - he fell down

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (Laṅ) of pat

Imperfect Tense

Root pat (पत्) with augment 'a' for past tense.

Prefix: a

Root: pat (class 1)