महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-17, verse-26

स विविन्ध्याय सक्रोधः समाहूय महारथः ।
चिक्षेप मे सुतो राजन्स गतासुरथापतत् ॥२६॥

26. sa vivindhyāya sakrodhaḥ samāhūya mahārathaḥ ,
cikṣepa me suto rājansa gatāsurathāpatat.

26. sa vivindhyāya sakrodhaḥ samāhūya mahārathaḥ
cikṣepa me sutaḥ rājan sa gatāsuḥ atha apatat

26. O King, that great warrior (Pradyumna), enraged, having challenged my son Vivindhya, cast (the arrow at him). Then, he (Vivindhya) fell lifeless.

26. הלוחם הגדול, בנִי, בזעם קרא לוִוִינְדְהְיַה ושלח עליו את החץ, הו מלך, וזה נפל חסר חיים מעל מרכבתו.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - Pradyumna (he, that)

• विविन्ध्याय (vivindhyāya) - to Vivindhya, for Vivindhya

• सक्रोधः (sakrodhaḥ) - enraged, with anger

• समाहूय (samāhūya) - having challenged, having called out

• महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - great warrior, one who fights from a great chariot

• चिक्षेप (cikṣepa) - he cast, he threw, he hurled

• मे (me) - of Dhṛtarāṣṭra (my, of me)

• सुतः (sutaḥ) - Vivindhya (son)

• राजन् (rājan) - O Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O King)

• स (sa) - Vivindhya (he, that)

• गतासुः (gatāsuḥ) - lifeless, dead, whose life has departed

• अथ (atha) - then, thus, moreover

• अपतत् (apatat) - he fell down

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - Pradyumna (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

विविन्ध्याय (vivindhyāya) - to Vivindhya, for Vivindhya

(proper noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of vivindhya

vivindhya - name of a warrior (son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

Note: Indirect object of cikṣepa.

सक्रोधः (sakrodhaḥ) - enraged, with anger

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sakrodha

sakrodha - with anger, enraged, furious

Compound: sa (with) + krodha (anger)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sa+krodha)

• sa – with, accompanied by
  indeclinable
• krodha – anger, wrath
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root krudh (क्रुध्).
  Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Qualifying Pradyumna.

समाहूय (samāhūya) - having challenged, having called out

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Root hū (हू) with upasargas sam (सम्) and ā (आ).

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: hū (class 3)

Note: Expresses an action completed before the main verb cikṣepa.

महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - great warrior, one who fights from a great chariot

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāratha

mahāratha - great warrior, one who can fight ten thousand warriors from his chariot

Compound: mahat (great) + ratha (chariot).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+ratha)

• mahat – great, large, mighty
  adjective (neuter)
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifying Pradyumna.

चिक्षेप (cikṣepa) - he cast, he threw, he hurled

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of kṣip

Perfect Tense

Reduplicated past tense (Perfect).

Root: kṣip (class 6)

Note: The object (arrow) is implied from the previous verse.

मे (me) - of Dhṛtarāṣṭra (my, of me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Enclitic genitive/dative form of the first person pronoun.

Note: Poetic form for mama.

सुतः (sutaḥ) - Vivindhya (son)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suta

suta - son, begotten

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root sū (सू) 'to give birth'.

Root: sū (class 2)

Note: Often used as a noun meaning 'son'.

राजन् (rājan) - O Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O King)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

स (sa) - Vivindhya (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

गतासुः (gatāsuḥ) - lifeless, dead, whose life has departed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gatāsu

gatāsu - lifeless, dead, whose breath has gone

Compound: gata (gone) + asu (breath/life).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (gata+asu)

• gata – gone, departed, past
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root gam (गम्).
  Root: gam (class 1)
• asu – breath, life, vital air
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifying Vivindhya.

अथ (atha) - then, thus, moreover

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

अपतत् (apatat) - he fell down

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (Laṅ) of pat

Imperfect Tense

Root pat (पत्) with augment 'a' for past tense.

Prefix: a

Root: pat (class 1)

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