महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-17, verse-27

विविन्ध्यं निहतं दृष्ट्वा तां च विक्षोभितां चमूम् ।
कामगेन स सौभेन शाल्वः पुनरुपागमत् ॥२७॥

27. vivindhyaṁ nihataṁ dṛṣṭvā tāṁ ca vikṣobhitāṁ camūm ,
kāmagena sa saubhena śālvaḥ punarupāgamat.

27. vivindhyaṃ nihataṃ dṛṣṭvā tāṃ ca vikṣobhitāṃ
camūm kāmagena sa saubhena śālvaḥ punaḥ upāgamat

27. And having seen Vivindhya struck down and that army agitated, Salva then approached again with his aerial car (Saubha), which could move at will.

Words meanings summery:

• विविन्ध्यं (vivindhyaṁ) - Vivindhya

• निहतं (nihataṁ) - killed, struck down

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• तां (tāṁ) - that

• च (ca) - and

• विक्षोभितां (vikṣobhitāṁ) - agitated, disturbed, thrown into confusion

• चमूम् (camūm) - army, host

• कामगेन (kāmagena) - moving at will, going wherever one wishes

• स (sa) - Salva (he, that)

• सौभेन (saubhena) - by the Saubha (aerial car)

• शाल्वः (śālvaḥ) - Salva (name of a king)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, once more

• उपागमत् (upāgamat) - he approached, he came near

Words meanings and morphology

विविन्ध्यं (vivindhyaṁ) - Vivindhya

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vivindhya

vivindhya - name of a warrior (son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

Note: Object of dṛṣṭvā.

निहतं (nihataṁ) - killed, struck down

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nihata

nihata - killed, struck down, slain, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root han (हन्) with upasarga ni (नि).

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Describes the state of Vivindhya.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Root dṛś (दृश्) with suffix -tvā.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Expresses an action completed before the main verb upāgamat.

तां (tāṁ) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction, connecting Vivindhya and camūm.

विक्षोभितां (vikṣobhitāṁ) - agitated, disturbed, thrown into confusion

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vikṣobhita

vikṣobhita - agitated, disturbed, stirred up, alarmed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root kṣubh (क्षुभ्) with upasarga vi (वि) and causative -i.

Prefix: vi

Root: kṣubh (class 4)

Note: Describes the state of the army.

चमूम् (camūm) - army, host

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of camū

camū - army, host, troop

Note: Object of dṛṣṭvā.

कामगेन (kāmagena) - moving at will, going wherever one wishes

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kāmaga

kāmaga - moving at will, going wherever one wishes

Compound: kāma (desire) + ga (going/moving).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāma+ga)

• kāma – desire, wish, longing
  noun (masculine)
• ga – going, moving, residing
  adjective
  agent noun
  Derived from root gam (गम्) with suffix -a.
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies saubhena.

स (sa) - Salva (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

सौभेन (saubhena) - by the Saubha (aerial car)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of saubha

saubha - an aerial car belonging to Salva, a flying city

Derived from subha (सुभ) with aṇ suffix.

Note: Refers to Salva's flying city/chariot, used as an instrument of action.

शाल्वः (śālvaḥ) - Salva (name of a king)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śālva

śālva - Salva (king of Saubha)

Note: Subject of upāgamat.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, once more

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial.

उपागमत् (upāgamat) - he approached, he came near

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (Laṅ) of gam

Imperfect Tense

Root gam (गम्) with upasarga upa (उप) and augment ā (आ) for past tense.

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: gam (class 1)