महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-17, verse-22

चारुदेष्णेन संसक्तो विविन्ध्यो नाम दानवः ।
महारथः समाज्ञातो महाराज महाधनुः ॥२२॥

22. cārudeṣṇena saṁsakto vivindhyo nāma dānavaḥ ,
mahārathaḥ samājñāto mahārāja mahādhanuḥ.

22. cārudeṣṇena saṃsaktaḥ vivindhyaḥ nāma dānavaḥ
mahārathaḥ samājñātaḥ mahārāja mahādhanuḥ

22. O great king, a demon named Vivindhya, who was renowned as a great charioteer and a mighty bowman, became engaged in battle with Charudeṣṇa.

Words meanings summery:

• चारुदेष्णेन (cārudeṣṇena) - by Prince Charudeṣṇa, one of Krishna's sons. (by Charudeṣṇa)

• संसक्तः (saṁsaktaḥ) - engaged with, attached to, connected

• विविन्ध्यः (vivindhyaḥ) - The demon Vivindhya (Vivindhya (name of a demon))

• नाम (nāma) - by name, named, indeed

• दानवः (dānavaḥ) - demon, son of Danu

• महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - great charioteer, mighty warrior

• समाज्ञातः (samājñātaḥ) - well-known, famous, recognized

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

• महाधनुः (mahādhanuḥ) - having a great bow, great bowman

Words meanings and morphology

चारुदेष्णेन (cārudeṣṇena) - by Prince Charudeṣṇa, one of Krishna's sons. (by Charudeṣṇa)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of cārudeṣṇa

cārudeṣṇa - Charudeṣṇa (name of a prince, son of Krishna)

Note: The agent with whom Vivindhya engaged.

संसक्तः (saṁsaktaḥ) - engaged with, attached to, connected

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃsakta

saṁsakta - joined, connected, attached, engaged in battle

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √sañj (to cling to, to attach) with upasarga sam-

Prefix: sam

Root: sañj (class 1)

Note: Describes Vivindhya, indicating he was engaged with Charudeṣṇa.

विविन्ध्यः (vivindhyaḥ) - The demon Vivindhya (Vivindhya (name of a demon))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vivindhya

vivindhya - Vivindhya (name of a demon)

Note: The subject of the sentence, a demon.

नाम (nāma) - by name, named, indeed

(indeclinable)

Note: Used to introduce a name.

दानवः (dānavaḥ) - demon, son of Danu

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dānava

dānava - demon, descendant of Danu

Patronymic from Danu

Note: Appellation for Vivindhya.

महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - great charioteer, mighty warrior

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāratha

mahāratha - a great charioteer, a mighty warrior

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)

Note: Describes Vivindhya.

समाज्ञातः (samājñātaḥ) - well-known, famous, recognized

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samājñāta

samājñāta - well-known, famous, recognized, understood

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √jñā (to know) with upasargas sam- and ā-

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Describes Vivindhya.

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• rājan – king
  noun (masculine)

Note: Direct address to the narrator's audience (a king).

महाधनुः (mahādhanuḥ) - having a great bow, great bowman

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahādhanu

mahādhanu - having a great bow, great archer

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+dhanu)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• dhanu – bow
  noun (neuter)

Note: Describes Vivindhya.