महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-17, verse-16

ततः स विद्धः साम्बेन क्षेमवृद्धिश्चमूपतिः ।
अपायाज्जवनैरश्वैः साम्बबाणप्रपीडितः ॥१६॥

16. tataḥ sa viddhaḥ sāmbena kṣemavṛddhiścamūpatiḥ ,
apāyājjavanairaśvaiḥ sāmbabāṇaprapīḍitaḥ.

16. tataḥ saḥ viddhaḥ sāmbena kṣemavṛddhiḥ camūpatiḥ
apāyāt javanaiḥ aśvaiḥ sāmbabāṇaprapīḍitaḥ

16. Then, the commander (camūpati) Kṣemavṛddhi, struck by Samba and greatly afflicted by Samba's arrows, fled with swift horses.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, afterwards

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• विद्धः (viddhaḥ) - struck, wounded, pierced

• साम्बेन (sāmbena) - by Samba

• क्षेमवृद्धिः (kṣemavṛddhiḥ) - Kṣemavṛddhi (a proper name)

• चमूपतिः (camūpatiḥ) - commander of an army, general

• अपायात् (apāyāt) - fled, went away, departed

• जवनैः (javanaiḥ) - swift, quick

• अश्वैः (aśvaiḥ) - by horses

• साम्बबाणप्रपीडितः (sāmbabāṇaprapīḍitaḥ) - afflicted by Samba's arrows

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, afterwards

(indeclinable)

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

विद्धः (viddhaḥ) - struck, wounded, pierced

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viddha

viddha - struck, wounded, pierced

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vidh- 'to strike, pierce'

Root: vidh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'camūpatiḥ'

साम्बेन (sāmbena) - by Samba

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of sāmba

sāmba - Samba (proper name, son of Kṛṣṇa)

क्षेमवृद्धिः (kṣemavṛddhiḥ) - Kṣemavṛddhi (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣemavṛddhi

kṣemavṛddhi - increase of welfare, a proper name

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kṣema+vṛddhi)

• kṣema – welfare, safety, prosperity
  noun (masculine)
• vṛddhi – growth, increase, prosperity
  noun (feminine)

चमूपतिः (camūpatiḥ) - commander of an army, general

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of camūpati

camūpati - commander of an army, general

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (camū+pati)

• camū – army, forces
  noun (feminine)
• pati – lord, master, husband, commander
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of the sentence

अपायात् (apāyāt) - fled, went away, departed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of apā

Prefix: apa

Root: i (class 2)

Note: The main verb

जवनैः (javanaiḥ) - swift, quick

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of javana

javana - swift, quick, speedy

Root: ju (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'aśvaiḥ'

अश्वैः (aśvaiḥ) - by horses

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of aśva

aśva - horse

Note: Instrument of fleeing

साम्बबाणप्रपीडितः (sāmbabāṇaprapīḍitaḥ) - afflicted by Samba's arrows

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sāmbabāṇaprapīḍita

sāmbabāṇaprapīḍita - greatly afflicted by Samba's arrows

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sāmba+bāṇa+prapīḍita)

• sāmba – Samba (proper name)
  proper noun (masculine)
• bāṇa – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• prapīḍita – greatly distressed, afflicted, tormented
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root pīḍ- 'to distress' with prefix pra-
  Prefix: pra
  Root: pīḍ (class 10)

Note: Qualifies 'camūpatiḥ'