महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-17, verse-18

अभिपन्नस्तु राजेन्द्र साम्बो वृष्णिकुलोद्वहः ।
वेगं वेगवतो राजंस्तस्थौ वीरो विधारयन् ॥१८॥

18. abhipannastu rājendra sāmbo vṛṣṇikulodvahaḥ ,
vegaṁ vegavato rājaṁstasthau vīro vidhārayan.

18. abhipannaḥ tu rājendra sāmbaḥ vṛṣṇikulodvahaḥ
vegam vegavataḥ rājan tasthau vīraḥ vidhārayan

18. But, O king of kings (rājendra), the hero Samba, the bearer of the Vṛṣṇi lineage, stood (having been approached) restraining Vegavān's impetuosity, O king (rājan).

Words meanings summery:

• अभिपन्नः (abhipannaḥ) - approached, attained, overcome

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand

• राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O king of kings, O emperor

• साम्बः (sāmbaḥ) - Samba (proper name)

• वृष्णिकुलोद्वहः (vṛṣṇikulodvahaḥ) - bearer of the Vṛṣṇi lineage

• वेगम् (vegam) - speed, impetuosity, force

• वेगवतः (vegavataḥ) - of Vegavān, of the swift one

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• तस्थौ (tasthau) - stood, remained

• वीरः (vīraḥ) - hero, brave man

• विधारयन् (vidhārayan) - restraining, holding back, checking

Words meanings and morphology

अभिपन्नः (abhipannaḥ) - approached, attained, overcome

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhipanna

abhipanna - approached, attained, overcome

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root pad- 'to go' with prefix abhi-

Prefix: abhi

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'sāmbaḥ'

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction

राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O king of kings, O emperor

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājendra

rājendra - king of kings, emperor

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+indra)

• rājan – king
  noun (masculine)
• indra – chief, lord, god Indra
  noun (masculine)

Note: Address to the listener

साम्बः (sāmbaḥ) - Samba (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sāmba

sāmba - Samba (proper name, son of Kṛṣṇa)

Note: Subject of the sentence

वृष्णिकुलोद्वहः (vṛṣṇikulodvahaḥ) - bearer of the Vṛṣṇi lineage

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛṣṇikulodvaha

vṛṣṇikulodvaha - bearer/uplifter of the Vṛṣṇi lineage

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vṛṣṇi+kula+udvaha)

• vṛṣṇi – Vṛṣṇi (name of a clan)
  proper noun (masculine)
• kula – family, lineage, clan
  noun (neuter)
• udvaha – bearer, upholder, one who carries
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ud
  Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Appositive to 'sāmbaḥ'

वेगम् (vegam) - speed, impetuosity, force

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vega

vega - speed, impetuosity, force, current

Root: vij (class 6)

Note: Object of 'vidhārayan'

वेगवतः (vegavataḥ) - of Vegavān, of the swift one

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vegavat

vegavat - swift, impetuous, quick; (as proper noun) Vegavān

Note: Qualifies 'vegam'

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Address to the listener

तस्थौ (tasthau) - stood, remained

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect past (lit) of sthā

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Main verb

वीरः (vīraḥ) - hero, brave man

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vīra

vīra - hero, brave man, warrior

Note: Appositive to 'sāmbaḥ'

विधारयन् (vidhārayan) - restraining, holding back, checking

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidhārayant

vidhārayant - restraining, holding back, checking

Present Active Participle

Derived from causative of root dhṛ- 'to hold, bear' with prefix vi-

Prefix: vi

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Describes the action of Samba while standing