महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-41, verse-24

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
ततश्चेदिपतेः श्रुत्वा भीष्मः स कटुकं वचः ।
उवाचेदं वचो राजंश्चेदिराजस्य शृण्वतः ॥२४॥

24. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
tataścedipateḥ śrutvā bhīṣmaḥ sa kaṭukaṁ vacaḥ ,
uvācedaṁ vaco rājaṁścedirājasya śṛṇvataḥ.

24. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca tataḥ cedipateḥ śrutvā bhīṣmaḥ sa
kaṭukaṃ vacaḥ uvāca idaṃ vacaḥ rājan cedirājasya śṛṇvataḥ

24. Vaishampayana said: Then, after hearing those bitter words from the lord of Chedi, Bhishma, O King (Janamejaya), spoke these words while the king of Chedi himself was listening.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaishampayana

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, afterwards

• चेदिपतेः (cedipateḥ) - from Shishupala, the King of Chedi (from the lord of Chedi, of the king of Chedi)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

• स (sa) - Bhishma (he, that)

• कटुकं (kaṭukaṁ) - harsh, bitter, sharp

• वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• इदं (idaṁ) - this

• वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech

• राजन् (rājan) - O King Janamejaya (the listener of Vaishampayana's narration) (O King)

• चेदिराजस्य (cedirājasya) - of Shishupala, the king of Chedi (of the king of Chedi)

• शृण्वतः (śṛṇvataḥ) - while Shishupala was listening (of him listening, while listening)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaishampayana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaishampayana (name of a sage, narrator of the Mahabharata)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense (liṭ)

Root: vac (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, afterwards

(indeclinable)

From demonstrative stem `tad`.

चेदिपतेः (cedipateḥ) - from Shishupala, the King of Chedi (from the lord of Chedi, of the king of Chedi)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of cedipati

cedipati - lord of Chedi, king of Chedi

Compound of `cedi` (name of a kingdom) and `pati` (lord).

Compound type : Tatpurusha (cedi+pati)

• cedi – Chedi (name of a country/people)
  proper noun (masculine)
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)

Note: Here, genitive implying 'from' due to `śrutvā`.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed with `ktvā` suffix.

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Expresses an action completed before the main verb.

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (a proper noun, name of a character in the Mahabharata)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

स (sa) - Bhishma (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Nominative singular masculine of `tad`.

कटुकं (kaṭukaṁ) - harsh, bitter, sharp

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kaṭuka

kaṭuka - harsh, bitter, sharp, acrid

Note: Qualifies `vacaḥ`.

वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, utterance

From root `vac` (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of `śrutvā`.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense (liṭ)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

इदं (idaṁ) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, these

Nominative/accusative singular neuter of `idam`.

Note: Qualifies `vacaḥ`.

वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, utterance

From root `vac` (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of `uvāca`.

राजन् (rājan) - O King Janamejaya (the listener of Vaishampayana's narration) (O King)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

n-stem noun.

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Addressed to Janamejaya by Vaishampayana.

चेदिराजस्य (cedirājasya) - of Shishupala, the king of Chedi (of the king of Chedi)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of cedirāja

cedirāja - king of Chedi

Compound of `cedi` (Chedi) and `rājan` (king).

Compound type : Tatpurusha (cedi+rājan)

• cedi – Chedi (name of a country/people)
  proper noun (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  n-stem noun.
  Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `śṛṇvataḥ`.

शृण्वतः (śṛṇvataḥ) - while Shishupala was listening (of him listening, while listening)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of śṛṇvat

śṛṇvat - listening, hearing

Present Active Participle

Derived from root `śru` (to hear) with `śnu` and `śatṛ` suffix.

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Agrees with `cedirājasya`.