महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-41, verse-14

किं हि शक्यं मया कर्तुं यद्वृद्धानां त्वया नृप ।
पुरा कथयतां नूनं न श्रुतं धर्मवादिनाम् ॥१४॥

14. kiṁ hi śakyaṁ mayā kartuṁ yadvṛddhānāṁ tvayā nṛpa ,
purā kathayatāṁ nūnaṁ na śrutaṁ dharmavādinām.

14. kim hi śakyam mayā kartum yat vṛddhānām tvayā nṛpa
purā kathayatām nūnam na śrutam dharmavādinām

14. O King, what can I possibly do now, since you certainly did not listen previously to the elders and those who spoke about natural law (dharma)?

Words meanings summery:

• किम् (kim) - what, which

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

• शक्यम् (śakyam) - possible, able to be done

• मया (mayā) - by me

• कर्तुम् (kartum) - to do, to make

• यत् (yat) - which, that, since

• वृद्धानाम् (vṛddhānām) - of the elders, of the old ones

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you

• नृप (nṛpa) - O King

• पुरा (purā) - formerly, previously

• कथयताम् (kathayatām) - of those speaking, of those telling

• नूनम् (nūnam) - surely, certainly

• न (na) - not, no

• श्रुतम् (śrutam) - heard, listened

• धर्मवादिनाम् (dharmavādinām) - of those who speak (dharma) natural law, of proponents of (dharma) natural law

Words meanings and morphology

किम् (kim) - what, which

(interrogative pronoun)

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

(indeclinable)

शक्यम् (śakyam) - possible, able to be done

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śakya

śakya - possible, practicable, able to be done

Gerundive/Potential Passive Participle

Derived from the root √śak (to be able) with suffix -ya.

Root: śak (class 5)

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of mad

mad - I

कर्तुम् (kartum) - to do, to make

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Infinitive form of the root √kṛ.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

यत् (yat) - which, that, since

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, that (relative pronoun)

वृद्धानाम् (vṛddhānām) - of the elders, of the old ones

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vṛddha

vṛddha - old, aged, elderly, grown, wise

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root √vṛdh (to grow).

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

त्वया (tvayā) - by you

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular, informal)

नृप (nṛpa) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, protector of men

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, guardian
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From root √pā (to protect).
  Root: pā (class 2)

पुरा (purā) - formerly, previously

(indeclinable)

कथयताम् (kathayatām) - of those speaking, of those telling

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kathayat

kathayat - speaking, narrating, telling

Present Active Participle

Derived from the root √kath (to tell, speak).

Root: kath (class 10)

नूनम् (nūnam) - surely, certainly

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

श्रुतम् (śrutam) - heard, listened

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śruta

śruta - heard, listened, perceived, sacred knowledge (veda)

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root √śru (to hear).

Root: śru (class 5)

धर्मवादिनाम् (dharmavādinām) - of those who speak (dharma) natural law, of proponents of (dharma) natural law

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of dharmavādin

dharmavādin - one who speaks (dharma) natural law, proponent of (dharma) natural law, righteous speaker

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (dharma+vādin)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from the root √dhṛ (to uphold, support).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• vādin – speaking, telling, one who speaks, proponent, advocate
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun
  Derived from the root √vad (to speak) with suffix -in.
  Root: vad (class 1)