महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-73, verse-30

तांस्तु प्रभग्नान्संप्रेक्ष्य त्वरमाणो धनंजयः ।
शरैराशीविषाकारैर्जघान स्वनवद्धसन् ॥३०॥

30. tāṁstu prabhagnānsaṁprekṣya tvaramāṇo dhanaṁjayaḥ ,
śarairāśīviṣākārairjaghāna svanavaddhasan.

30. tān tu prabhagnān samprekṣya tvaramāṇaḥ dhanañjayaḥ
śaraiḥ āśīviṣākāraiḥ jaghāna svanavat hasan

30. dhanañjayaḥ tu prabhagnān tān samprekṣya tvaramāṇaḥ
svanavat hasan āśīviṣākāraiḥ śaraiḥ jaghāna

30. But seeing those (warriors) routed, Arjuna (Dhanañjaya), hastening, struck them down with arrows resembling venomous serpents, roaring and laughing.

Words meanings summery:

• तान् (tān) - those (warriors) (those)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed (but, indeed, however)

• प्रभग्नान् (prabhagnān) - routed (in battle) (shattered, broken, routed, defeated)

• सम्प्रेक्ष्य (samprekṣya) - having seen (having seen, having perceived)

• त्वरमाणः (tvaramāṇaḥ) - hastening (hastening, hurrying)

• धनञ्जयः (dhanañjayaḥ) - Arjuna (Arjuna (lit. 'conqueror of wealth'))

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

• आशीविषाकारैः (āśīviṣākāraiḥ) - having the form/likeness of venomous serpents (resembling venomous serpents)

• जघान (jaghāna) - struck down (killed, struck, smote)

• स्वनवत् (svanavat) - making a roaring sound (making a sound, roaring, noisy)

• हसन् (hasan) - laughing (while fighting) (laughing, smiling)

Words meanings and morphology

तान् (tān) - those (warriors) (those)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the warriors mentioned in the previous verse.

तु (tu) - but, indeed (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

Note: Serves to connect the current statement with the previous one, often indicating a shift or emphasis.

प्रभग्नान् (prabhagnān) - routed (in battle) (shattered, broken, routed, defeated)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of prabhagna

prabhagna - broken, routed, defeated

Past Passive Participle

Formed from pra-√bhañj (to break, shatter)

Prefix: pra

Root: bhañj (class 7)

Note: Agrees with tān.

सम्प्रेक्ष्य (samprekṣya) - having seen (having seen, having perceived)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Formed from sam-pra-√īkṣ (to look, perceive) with -ya suffix for absolutive

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Indicates an action completed before the main verb 'jaghāna'.

त्वरमाणः (tvaramāṇaḥ) - hastening (hastening, hurrying)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tvaramāṇa

tvaramāṇa - hastening, hurrying

Present Participle (Ātmanepada)

Formed from √tvar (to hurry)

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Agrees with Dhanañjayaḥ.

धनञ्जयः (dhanañjayaḥ) - Arjuna (Arjuna (lit. 'conqueror of wealth'))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhanañjaya

dhanañjaya - conqueror of wealth, a name of Arjuna, fire

Compound: dhana (wealth) + jaya (conquering)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dhana+jaya)

• dhana – wealth, riches, property
  noun (neuter)
  Root: dhā (class 3)
• jaya – victory, conquest, victorious
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root ji (to conquer)
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: The subject of the sentence.

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow

Root: śṛ

Note: Instrument of striking.

आशीविषाकारैः (āśīviṣākāraiḥ) - having the form/likeness of venomous serpents (resembling venomous serpents)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of āśīviṣākāra

āśīviṣākāra - resembling a venomous snake, having the form of a venomous snake

Compound: āśīviṣa (venomous serpent) + ākāra (form, shape, resemblance)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa/bahuvrihi (āśīviṣa+ākāra)

• āśīviṣa – venomous serpent, snake whose venom is in its fangs/breath
  noun (masculine)
  Compound: āśīs (fang/blessing) + viṣa (poison)
• ākāra – form, shape, appearance, resemblance
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from ā-√kṛ (to make, form)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with śaraiḥ.

जघान (jaghāna) - struck down (killed, struck, smote)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of han

Perfect active third singular

Intensive reduplication of han to form perfect tense

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

स्वनवत् (svanavat) - making a roaring sound (making a sound, roaring, noisy)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of svanavat

svanavat - noisy, roaring, sounding

Derived from svara (sound) with -vat suffix (having)

Root: svan (class 1)

Note: Agrees with Dhanañjayaḥ, functioning as a descriptive attribute or an adverbial modifier.

हसन् (hasan) - laughing (while fighting) (laughing, smiling)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hasant

hasant - laughing, smiling

Present Participle (Parasmaipada)

Formed from √has (to laugh)

Root: has (class 1)

Note: Agrees with Dhanañjayaḥ, describing the simultaneous action of Arjuna.