महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-73, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
त्रिगर्तैरभवद्युद्धं कृतवैरैः किरीटिनः ।
महारथसमाज्ञातैर्हतानां पुत्रनप्तृभिः ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
trigartairabhavadyuddhaṁ kṛtavairaiḥ kirīṭinaḥ ,
mahārathasamājñātairhatānāṁ putranaptṛbhiḥ.

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca trigartaiḥ abhavat yuddham kṛtavairaiḥ
kirīṭinaḥ mahārathasamājñātaiḥ hatānām putranaptṛbhiḥ

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca kirīṭinaḥ kṛtavairaiḥ trigartaiḥ
hatānām mahārathasamājñātaiḥ putranaptṛbhiḥ yuddham abhavat

1. Vaiśaṃpāyana said: A battle ensued with the Trigartas, who harbored a deep-seated enmity towards Kirīṭin (Arjuna). This engagement was fought by the sons and grandsons of those Trigartas who had previously been slain and were renowned as great charioteers.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampayana

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• त्रिगर्तैः (trigartaiḥ) - by the Trigartas (a people/country)

• अभवत् (abhavat) - there was, occurred

• युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, fight

• कृतवैरैः (kṛtavairaiḥ) - by the Trigartas who had established enmity (by those who had established enmity)

• किरीटिनः (kirīṭinaḥ) - with Kirīṭin (Arjuna) (of Kirīṭin (Arjuna); with Kirīṭin)

• महारथसमाज्ञातैः (mahārathasamājñātaiḥ) - by those (sons and grandsons) recognized as great charioteers (by those recognized as great charioteers)

• हतानाम् (hatānām) - of the slain (Trigartas) (of the slain (ones))

• पुत्रनप्तृभिः (putranaptṛbhiḥ) - by the sons and grandsons of the slain Trigartas (by the sons and grandsons)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampayana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśampayana (a celebrated sage, pupil of Vyāsa and narrator of the Mahābhārata)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect

3rd person singular perfect active

Root: vac (class 2)

त्रिगर्तैः (trigartaiḥ) - by the Trigartas (a people/country)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of trigarta

trigarta - Trigarta (name of a country and its people, associated with the modern Kangra region)

अभवत् (abhavat) - there was, occurred

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

imperfect

3rd person singular imperfect active

Root: bhū (class 1)

युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, fight

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

Root: yudh

Note: Can also be accusative singular. Here nominative as subject of 'abhavat'.

कृतवैरैः (kṛtavairaiḥ) - by the Trigartas who had established enmity (by those who had established enmity)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kṛtavaira

kṛtavaira - having made enmity, having an established feud

Compound type : bahuvrihi (kṛta+vaira)

• kṛta – done, made, performed
  past passive participle (neuter)
  past passive participle
  from root kṛ
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• vaira – enmity, hostility, feud
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'trigartaiḥ'

किरीटिनः (kirīṭinaḥ) - with Kirīṭin (Arjuna) (of Kirīṭin (Arjuna); with Kirīṭin)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kirīṭin

kirīṭin - wearing a diadem/crown; a name of Arjuna

Note: Used with 'kṛtavairaiḥ' (enmity *with* someone usually implies genitive or dative).

महारथसमाज्ञातैः (mahārathasamājñātaiḥ) - by those (sons and grandsons) recognized as great charioteers (by those recognized as great charioteers)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of mahārathasamājñāta

mahārathasamājñāta - recognized as a great charioteer

Compound type : tatpurusha (mahāratha+samājñāta)

• mahāratha – a great charioteer, a warrior who can fight single-handedly against many chariots
  noun (masculine)
• samājñāta – well-known, recognized, acknowledged
  past passive participle (masculine)
  past passive participle
  from root jñā with sam-ā-
  Prefixes: sam+ā
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Qualifies 'putranaptṛbhiḥ'.

हतानाम् (hatānām) - of the slain (Trigartas) (of the slain (ones))

(past passive participle)

Note: Refers to the Trigartas who were previously killed by Arjuna.

पुत्रनप्तृभिः (putranaptṛbhiḥ) - by the sons and grandsons of the slain Trigartas (by the sons and grandsons)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of putranaptṛ

putranaptṛ - sons and grandsons

Compound type : dvandva (putra+naptṛ)

• putra – son
  noun (masculine)
• naptṛ – grandson, descendant
  noun (masculine)

Note: The agents of the action 'abhavat yuddham' (battle occurred by them).