महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-73, verse-20

तं पन्नगमिव क्रुद्धं कुरुवीरः स्मयन्निव ।
प्रीतिपूर्वं महाराज प्राणैर्न व्यपरोपयत् ॥२०॥

20. taṁ pannagamiva kruddhaṁ kuruvīraḥ smayanniva ,
prītipūrvaṁ mahārāja prāṇairna vyaparopayat.

20. tam pannagam iva kruddham kuruvīraḥ smayan iva
prītipūrvam mahārāja prāṇaiḥ na vyaparopayat

20. mahārāja kuruvīraḥ smayan iva prītipūrvam tam
kruddham pannagam iva prāṇaiḥ na vyaparopayat

20. O great king, the Kuru hero (Arjuna), as if smiling, out of affection did not deprive that enraged boy, who was like a furious serpent, of his life.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (the boy) (him, that)

• पन्नगम् (pannagam) - serpent (describing the boy) (snake, serpent)

• इव (iva) - like (like, as if, as, similar to)

• क्रुद्धम् (kruddham) - enraged (boy, and implicitly the snake) (enraged, angry, furious)

• कुरुवीरः (kuruvīraḥ) - Kuru hero (Arjuna) (hero of the Kurus)

• स्मयन् (smayan) - smiling (smiling, laughing gently)

• इव (iva) - as if (like, as if, as, similar to)

• प्रीतिपूर्वम् (prītipūrvam) - out of affection (accompanied by affection, with love, out of fondness)

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king (addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O great king)

• प्राणैः (prāṇaiḥ) - with his life (with lives, with vital breaths, with life)

• न (na) - not (not, no, nor)

• व्यपरोपयत् (vyaparopayat) - did not deprive (of life) (did not deprive, did not take away, did not destroy)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (the boy) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Note: Object of 'vyaparopayat'.

पन्नगम् (pannagam) - serpent (describing the boy) (snake, serpent)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pannaga

pannaga - a serpent, snake (moving on its breast)

Compound of panna (fallen, moved) + ga (going).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (panna+ga)

• panna – fallen, moved, gone, descended
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root pad (to go, fall).
  Root: pad (class 4)
• ga – going, moving, a mover
  noun
  From root gam (to go).
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Predicate nominative in comparison with 'iva'.

इव (iva) - like (like, as if, as, similar to)

(indeclinable)

Particle of comparison.

क्रुद्धम् (kruddham) - enraged (boy, and implicitly the snake) (enraged, angry, furious)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - angry, enraged, provoked

Past Passive Participle

From root krudh (to be angry).

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Participle form modifying 'tam'.

कुरुवीरः (kuruvīraḥ) - Kuru hero (Arjuna) (hero of the Kurus)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kuruvīra

kuruvīra - hero of the Kurus

Compound of Kuru (name of an ancient tribe/dynasty) and vīra (hero).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kuru+vīra)

• kuru – name of a celebrated king and his descendants, a country
  proper noun (masculine)
• vīra – hero, brave man, warrior
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of 'vyaparopayat'.

स्मयन् (smayan) - smiling (smiling, laughing gently)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of smayat

smayat - smiling, laughing gently

present active participle

From root smi (to smile).

Root: smi (class 1)

Note: Participle form modifying 'kuruvīraḥ'.

इव (iva) - as if (like, as if, as, similar to)

(indeclinable)

Particle of comparison.

प्रीतिपूर्वम् (prītipūrvam) - out of affection (accompanied by affection, with love, out of fondness)

(indeclinable)

Compound of prīti (love, affection) + pūrva (preceded by, having as former).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prīti+pūrva)

• prīti – love, affection, joy, pleasure
  noun (feminine)
  Root: prī (class 9)
• pūrva – former, prior, earlier, preceded by
  adjective

Note: Accusative singular neuter used adverbially.

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king (addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O great king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - a great king, emperor, sovereign

Compound of mahā (great) + rājan (king).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler, prince
  noun (masculine)

Note: Direct address.

प्राणैः (prāṇaiḥ) - with his life (with lives, with vital breaths, with life)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of prāṇa

prāṇa - breath, vital air, life, spirit, strength

From root an (to breathe) with prefix pra.

Prefix: pra

Root: an (class 2)

Note: Instrumental of separation or means.

न (na) - not (not, no, nor)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

व्यपरोपयत् (vyaparopayat) - did not deprive (of life) (did not deprive, did not take away, did not destroy)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vyaparop

imperfect active (causative)

From root rūp (to injure, break) with prefixes vi, apa, ā, in causative stem (-ropaya).

Prefixes: vi+apa+ā

Root: rūp (class 10)