महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-73, verse-15

तमापतन्तं संप्रेक्ष्य केतुवर्माणमाहवे ।
अभ्यघ्नन्निशितैर्बाणैर्बीभत्सुः परवीरहा ॥१५॥

15. tamāpatantaṁ saṁprekṣya ketuvarmāṇamāhave ,
abhyaghnanniśitairbāṇairbībhatsuḥ paravīrahā.

15. tam āpatantam saṃprekṣya ketuvarmāṇam āhave |
abhyaghnan niśitaiḥ bāṇaiḥ bībhatsuḥ paravīrahā

15. bībhatsuḥ paravīrahā āhave āpatantam tam
ketuvarmāṇam saṃprekṣya niśitaiḥ bāṇaiḥ abhyaghnan

15. Having seen Ketuvarman approaching in battle, Bibhatsu, the destroyer of enemy heroes, struck him with sharpened arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (Ketuvarman) (him, that)

• आपतन्तम् (āpatantam) - approaching (Ketuvarman) (approaching, falling, coming towards)

• संप्रेक्ष्य (saṁprekṣya) - having seen (having seen, perceiving, observing)

• केतुवर्माणम् (ketuvarmāṇam) - Ketuvarman

• आहवे (āhave) - in battle (in battle, in conflict)

• अभ्यघ्नन् (abhyaghnan) - struck (him) (struck, attacked)

• निशितैः (niśitaiḥ) - with sharpened (arrows) (with sharpened, with whetted)

• बाणैः (bāṇaiḥ) - with arrows (as a weapon) (with arrows)

• बीभत्सुः (bībhatsuḥ) - Bibhatsu (Arjuna) (Bibhatsu (name of Arjuna), one who is disgusted by foul acts, terrible)

• परवीरहा (paravīrahā) - destroyer of enemy heroes

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (Ketuvarman) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of `saṃprekṣya` and `abhyaghnan`.

आपतन्तम् (āpatantam) - approaching (Ketuvarman) (approaching, falling, coming towards)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āpatat

āpatat - approaching, falling upon

Present Active Participle

From prefix ā- and root √pat (1st class, patati).

Prefix: ā

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `ketuvarmāṇam`.

संप्रेक्ष्य (saṁprekṣya) - having seen (having seen, perceiving, observing)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From prefixes sam- and pra- and root √īkṣ (1st class, īkṣate).

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Acts as a conjunction to the main verb.

केतुवर्माणम् (ketuvarmāṇam) - Ketuvarman

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ketuvarman

ketuvarman - Ketuvarman (proper name)

Note: Object of `saṃprekṣya`.

आहवे (āhave) - in battle (in battle, in conflict)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of āhava

āhava - battle, war, combat

From prefix ā- and root √hu (to offer, sacrifice), sometimes associated with shouting in battle.

Prefix: ā

Root: hu (class 3)

Note: Location of the action.

अभ्यघ्नन् (abhyaghnan) - struck (him) (struck, attacked)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of han

From prefix abhi- and root √han (2nd class, hanti). The form 'abhyaghnan' is grammatically 3rd plural imperfect. Contextually, with a singular subject 'Bībhatsu', it is likely a metrical license, a poetic singular, or a textual variation for a singular form like 'abhyaghanat' or 'abhyahant'.

Prefix: abhi

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Treating as singular in translation due to singular subject 'Bibhatsu'.

निशितैः (niśitaiḥ) - with sharpened (arrows) (with sharpened, with whetted)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of niśita

niśita - sharpened, whetted, pointed

Past Passive Participle

From prefix ni- and root √śo/śā (to sharpen, to whet).

Prefix: ni

Root: śo (class 4)

Note: Agrees with `bāṇaiḥ`.

बाणैः (bāṇaiḥ) - with arrows (as a weapon) (with arrows)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bāṇa

bāṇa - arrow

Note: Instrument of striking.

बीभत्सुः (bībhatsuḥ) - Bibhatsu (Arjuna) (Bibhatsu (name of Arjuna), one who is disgusted by foul acts, terrible)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bībhatsu

bībhatsu - disgusted, abhorrent; a name of Arjuna

Desiderative from √badh 'to oppress', or √bhañj 'to break'. Often understood as 'one who is disgusted by improper acts in battle' or 'terrible'.

Note: Subject of `abhyaghnan`.

परवीरहा (paravīrahā) - destroyer of enemy heroes

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paravīrahā

paravīrahā - destroyer of enemy heroes

Compound of para (enemy) + vīra (hero) + hā (destroyer, from √han).

Compound type : tatpurusha (para+vīra+hā)

• para – other, enemy, supreme
  adjective
• vīra – hero, brave man
  noun (masculine)
• hā – killer, destroyer
  noun (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  Derived from root √han (to strike, kill).
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Epithet agreeing with `bībhatsuḥ`.