महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-6, verse-30

स तं निवृत्तमालक्ष्य प्राञ्जलिः पृष्ठतोऽन्वगात् ।
आविक्षितो महीपालः संवर्तमुपशिक्षितुम् ॥३०॥

30. sa taṁ nivṛttamālakṣya prāñjaliḥ pṛṣṭhato'nvagāt ,
āvikṣito mahīpālaḥ saṁvartamupaśikṣitum.

30. saḥ tam nivṛttam ālakṣya prāñjaliḥ pṛṣṭhataḥ
anvagāt āvikṣitaḥ mahīpālaḥ saṃvartam upaśikṣitum

30. āvikṣitaḥ mahīpālaḥ tam nivṛttam ālakṣya
prāñjaliḥ pṛṣṭhataḥ saṃvartam upaśikṣitum anvagāt

30. Seeing that he had turned back, the king Āvikṣita, with folded hands, followed him from behind, intending to receive instruction from Saṃvarta.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (referring to the king Āvikṣita) (he, that)

• तम् (tam) - him (referring to the sage Saṃvarta) (him, that)

• निवृत्तम् (nivṛttam) - turned back (turned back, returned, ceased)

• आलक्ष्य (ālakṣya) - having perceived, seeing (having perceived, having seen, having observed)

• प्राञ्जलिः (prāñjaliḥ) - with folded hands (with folded hands, reverential)

• पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - from behind (from behind, from the back)

• अन्वगात् (anvagāt) - followed (followed, went after)

• आविक्षितः (āvikṣitaḥ) - King Āvikṣita (Āvikṣita (proper noun))

• महीपालः (mahīpālaḥ) - king (king, protector of the earth)

• संवर्तम् (saṁvartam) - the sage Saṃvarta (Saṃvarta (proper noun))

• उपशिक्षितुम् (upaśikṣitum) - to seek instruction from (to instruct, to teach, to learn from)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (referring to the king Āvikṣita) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तम् (tam) - him (referring to the sage Saṃvarta) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

निवृत्तम् (nivṛttam) - turned back (turned back, returned, ceased)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nivṛtta

nivṛtta - turned back, returned, ceased, desisted

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vṛt (to turn, exist) with prefix ni

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'tam' (Saṃvarta)

आलक्ष्य (ālakṣya) - having perceived, seeing (having perceived, having seen, having observed)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root lakṣ (to perceive, observe) with prefix ā

Prefix: ā

Root: lakṣ (class 10)

प्राञ्जलिः (prāñjaliḥ) - with folded hands (with folded hands, reverential)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prāñjali

prāñjali - with folded hands, reverential, humble

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (pra+añjali)

• pra – forth, forward, before
  indeclinable
• añjali – the cavity formed by folding the hands together, salutation
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'saḥ' (the king).

पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - from behind (from behind, from the back)

(indeclinable)

Derived from pṛṣṭha (back) with suffix -tas

अन्वगात् (anvagāt) - followed (followed, went after)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (luṅ) of gam

Imperfect

3rd person singular, aorist, parasmaipada. Root gam with prefix anu. Functions like imperfect in narrative.

Prefix: anu

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Root gam, prefix anu.

आविक्षितः (āvikṣitaḥ) - King Āvikṣita (Āvikṣita (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āvikṣita

āvikṣita - name of a king, son of Ikṣvāku

महीपालः (mahīpālaḥ) - king (king, protector of the earth)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahīpāla

mahīpāla - king, protector of the earth

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mahī+pāla)

• mahī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• pāla – protector, guardian
  noun (masculine)
  From root pā (to protect)
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Appositive to Āvikṣita.

संवर्तम् (saṁvartam) - the sage Saṃvarta (Saṃvarta (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃvarta

saṁvarta - name of a sage, dissolution of the world

Note: Object of the infinitive 'upaśikṣitum'.

उपशिक्षितुम् (upaśikṣitum) - to seek instruction from (to instruct, to teach, to learn from)

(indeclinable)

infinitive

Causative infinitive derived from root śikṣ (to learn) with prefix upa. Here meaning 'to cause to learn' or 'to teach', used reflexively or passively as 'to be taught, to seek instruction'.

Prefix: upa

Root: śikṣ (class 1)

Note: Infinitive of purpose.