महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-6, verse-21

कथं च तस्मै वर्तेयं कथं मां न परित्यजेत् ।
प्रत्याख्यातश्च तेनापि नाहं जीवितुमुत्सहे ॥२१॥

21. kathaṁ ca tasmai varteyaṁ kathaṁ māṁ na parityajet ,
pratyākhyātaśca tenāpi nāhaṁ jīvitumutsahe.

21. katham ca tasmai varteyam katham mām na parityajet
pratyākhyātaḥ ca tena api na aham jīvitum utsahe

21. katham ca tasmai varteyam katham mām na parityajet
ca tena api pratyākhyātaḥ aham jīvitum na utsahe

21. And how should I act towards him? How can I ensure he does not abandon me? For if I am rejected by him too, I would not dare to live.

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• च (ca) - and, also

• तस्मै (tasmai) - to Saṃvarta (to him, for him)

• वर्तेयम् (varteyam) - should I act, should I be, may I behave

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• माम् (mām) - King Marutta (me (accusative))

• न (na) - not, no

• परित्यजेत् (parityajet) - may he abandon, should he leave

• प्रत्याख्यातः (pratyākhyātaḥ) - rejected, refused, disowned

• च (ca) - and / for (implying a consequence) (and, also, but)

• तेन (tena) - by Saṃvarta (by him)

• अपि (api) - too, also (also, even, too)

• न (na) - not, no

• अहम् (aham) - King Marutta (I)

• जीवितुम् (jīvitum) - to live, to exist

• उत्सहे (utsahe) - I would dare (I dare, I am able, I endeavor)

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects this question to the previous thought.

तस्मै (tasmai) - to Saṃvarta (to him, for him)

(pronoun)

Dative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Saṃvarta.

वर्तेयम् (varteyam) - should I act, should I be, may I behave

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of vṛt

optative

Optative mood, 1st person singular, middle voice, from root vṛt

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Expresses a question about appropriate action.

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

Note: Repetition of the interrogative for a new question.

माम् (mām) - King Marutta (me (accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Object of `parityajet`.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the verb `parityajet`.

परित्यजेत् (parityajet) - may he abandon, should he leave

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of parityaj

optative

Optative mood, 3rd person singular, from root tyaj (to abandon) with prefix pari

Prefix: pari

Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Expresses a wish/concern.

प्रत्याख्यातः (pratyākhyātaḥ) - rejected, refused, disowned

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratyākhyāta

pratyākhyāta - rejected, refused, denied, disowned

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle from root khyā (to tell, relate) with prefixes prati and ā

Prefixes: prati+ā

Root: khyā (class 2)

Note: Functions as a predicate adjective.

च (ca) - and / for (implying a consequence) (and, also, but)

(indeclinable)

तेन (tena) - by Saṃvarta (by him)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agent of `pratyākhyātaḥ`.

अपि (api) - too, also (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the verb `utsahe`.

अहम् (aham) - King Marutta (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Subject of `utsahe`.

जीवितुम् (jīvitum) - to live, to exist

(indeclinable)

infinitive

Infinitive form from root jīv (to live)

Root: jīv (class 1)

उत्सहे (utsahe) - I would dare (I dare, I am able, I endeavor)

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of utsāh

present

Present tense, 1st person singular, middle voice, from root sāh (to be victorious) with prefix ut

Prefix: ut

Root: sāh (class 1)

Note: Expresses ability or inclination.