महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-6, verse-23

तस्या द्वारं समासाद्य न्यसेथाः कुणपं क्वचित् ।
तं दृष्ट्वा यो निवर्तेत स संवर्तो महीपते ॥२३॥

23. tasyā dvāraṁ samāsādya nyasethāḥ kuṇapaṁ kvacit ,
taṁ dṛṣṭvā yo nivarteta sa saṁvarto mahīpate.

23. tasyāḥ dvāram samāsādya nyasethāḥ kuṇapam kvacit
tam dṛṣṭvā yaḥ nivarteta saḥ saṃvartaḥ mahīpate

23. mahīpate tasyāḥ dvāram samāsādya kvacit kuṇapam
nyasethāḥ tam dṛṣṭvā yaḥ nivarteta saḥ saṃvartaḥ

23. Having reached the door of that (city), you should place a corpse somewhere. O king, whoever turns back after seeing that [corpse] – he is Saṃvarta.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्याः (tasyāḥ) - of that (city, Vārāṇasī) (of her, of that)

• द्वारम् (dvāram) - door, gate

• समासाद्य (samāsādya) - having reached, having approached

• न्यसेथाः (nyasethāḥ) - you should place, you should put down

• कुणपम् (kuṇapam) - corpse, dead body

• क्वचित् (kvacit) - somewhere, at some time, perhaps

• तम् (tam) - that (corpse) (him, that)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

• निवर्तेत (nivarteta) - should turn back, should return

• सः (saḥ) - he, that (person)

• संवर्तः (saṁvartaḥ) - Saṃvarta (name of a sage)

• महीपते (mahīpate) - O king, O ruler of the earth

Words meanings and morphology

तस्याः (tasyāḥ) - of that (city, Vārāṇasī) (of her, of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular genitive or ablative.

Note: Refers to the city of Vārāṇasī (nagarī) mentioned in the previous verse.

द्वारम् (dvāram) - door, gate

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dvāra

dvāra - door, gate, entrance, opening

समासाद्य (samāsādya) - having reached, having approached

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Root sad (class 1, parasmaipada) with prefixes sam (together, completely) and ā (towards). Formed with suffix -ya (after prefixes).

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Functions as a non-finite verb, showing prior action.

न्यसेथाः (nyasethāḥ) - you should place, you should put down

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, optative (liṅ) of as

Optative Middle

Root as (class 4, ātmanepada) with prefix ni (down, in)

Prefix: ni

Root: as (class 4)

Note: Expresses command or recommendation.

कुणपम् (kuṇapam) - corpse, dead body

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kuṇapa

kuṇapa - corpse, dead body, carcass

क्वचित् (kvacit) - somewhere, at some time, perhaps

(indeclinable)

From interrogative pronoun ka (who/what) + cit (indefinite particle)

तम् (tam) - that (corpse) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular accusative

Note: Grammatically masculine, but refers to the neuter noun 'kuṇapa' (corpse).

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Root dṛś (class 1, parasmaipada); formed with suffix -tvā.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Functions as a non-finite verb, showing prior action.

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, whoever

Relative pronoun, masculine singular nominative

निवर्तेत (nivarteta) - should turn back, should return

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (liṅ) of vṛt

Optative Middle

Root vṛt (class 1, ātmanepada) with prefix ni (down, back)

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Expresses potential or condition.

सः (saḥ) - he, that (person)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular nominative

Note: Correlative to 'yaḥ'.

संवर्तः (saṁvartaḥ) - Saṃvarta (name of a sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃvarta

saṁvarta - Saṃvarta (name of a sage, son of Aṅgiras; also meaning 'rolling up, destruction, universal destruction')

From sam-vṛt (to roll up, turn, gather). As a proper noun, it refers to a specific sage.

Prefix: sam

Root: vṛt (class 1)

महीपते (mahīpate) - O king, O ruler of the earth

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahīpati

mahīpati - king, lord of the earth, ruler

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mahī+pati)

• mahī – earth, ground, land
  noun (feminine)
• pati – lord, master, husband, ruler
  noun (masculine)