महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-59, verse-36

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
शृण्वतां तु महाराज कथां तां रोमहर्षणीम् ।
दुःखहर्षपरिक्लेशा वृष्णीनामभवंस्तदा ॥३६॥

36. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
śṛṇvatāṁ tu mahārāja kathāṁ tāṁ romaharṣaṇīm ,
duḥkhaharṣaparikleśā vṛṣṇīnāmabhavaṁstadā.

36. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca śṛṇvatām tu mahārāja kathām tām
romaharṣaṇīm duḥkaharṣaparikleśāḥ vṛṣṇīnām abhavan tadā

36. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca mahārāja tu śṛṇvatām tām romaharṣaṇīm
kathām tadā vṛṣṇīnām duḥkaharṣaparikleśāḥ abhavan

36. Vaiśampāyana said: 'O great king, as they listened to that thrilling story, the Vṛṣṇis then experienced sorrow, joy, and distress.'

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• शृण्वताम् (śṛṇvatām) - as they listened (of those listening, to those listening)

• तु (tu) - but, however, indeed

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

• कथाम् (kathām) - story, tale, narrative

• ताम् (tām) - that (feminine)

• रोमहर्षणीम् (romaharṣaṇīm) - hair-raising, thrilling, exciting

• दुःकहर्षपरिक्लेशाः (duḥkaharṣaparikleśāḥ) - sorrow, joy, and distress (distress, joy, and troubles; mixed emotions)

• वृष्णीनाम् (vṛṣṇīnām) - of the Vṛṣṇis (a Yadava clan)

• अभवन् (abhavan) - experienced (occurred, happened, became)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage, disciple of Vyasa)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense

3rd person singular perfect active of root vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

शृण्वताम् (śṛṇvatām) - as they listened (of those listening, to those listening)

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, plural of śṛṇvat

śṛṇvat - listening, hearing

Present Active Participle

Present active participle of root śru (to hear)

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Used here in a dative sense ('to those listening').

तु (tu) - but, however, indeed

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle used for emphasis or slight contrast.

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rāja)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

कथाम् (kathām) - story, tale, narrative

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kathā

kathā - story, tale, narrative

Note: Object of 'śṛṇvatām'.

ताम् (tām) - that (feminine)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

Note: Agrees with 'kathām'.

रोमहर्षणीम् (romaharṣaṇīm) - hair-raising, thrilling, exciting

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of romaharṣaṇī

romaharṣaṇī - causing the hair to stand on end, thrilling

From roma (hair) + harṣaṇa (causing joy/excitement)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (roman+harṣaṇī)

• roman – hair (on the body)
  noun (neuter)
• harṣaṇī – causing joy/excitement/thrill
  adjective (feminine)
  Agent noun/feminine participle
  Derived from root hṛṣ 'to thrill, to be excited'
  Root: hṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'kathām'.

दुःकहर्षपरिक्लेशाः (duḥkaharṣaparikleśāḥ) - sorrow, joy, and distress (distress, joy, and troubles; mixed emotions)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of duḥkaharṣaparikleśa

duḥkaharṣaparikleśa - distress, joy, and troubles (as a compound indicating mixed states)

Compound type : dvandva (duḥkha+harṣa+parikleśa)

• duḥkha – suffering, pain, distress
  noun (neuter)
• harṣa – joy, delight, excitement
  noun (masculine)
  Root: hṛṣ (class 1)
• parikleśa – trouble, distress, affliction, suffering
  noun (masculine)
  From pari- + kliś (to suffer)
  Prefix: pari
  Root: kliś (class 4)

Note: A dvandva compound, plural nominative, acting as the subject.

वृष्णीनाम् (vṛṣṇīnām) - of the Vṛṣṇis (a Yadava clan)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vṛṣṇi

vṛṣṇi - the Vṛṣṇis (a prominent clan of the Yadavas)

Note: Indicates possession or relation, translated as 'to the Vṛṣṇis' in context.

अभवन् (abhavan) - experienced (occurred, happened, became)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'duḥkaharṣaparikleśāḥ'.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.