महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-59, verse-29

विगाह्य सलिलं त्वाशु वाग्बाणैर्भृशविक्षतः ।
उत्थाय स गदापाणिर्युद्धाय समुपस्थितः ॥२९॥

29. vigāhya salilaṁ tvāśu vāgbāṇairbhṛśavikṣataḥ ,
utthāya sa gadāpāṇiryuddhāya samupasthitaḥ.

29. vigāhya salilam tu āśu vāgbāṇaiḥ bhṛśavikṣataḥ
utthāya sa gadāpāṇiḥ yuddhāya samupasthitaḥ

29. tu vāgbāṇaiḥ bhṛśavikṣataḥ sa āśu salilam
vigāhya utthāya gadāpāṇiḥ yuddhāya samupasthitaḥ

29. But he, severely wounded by the verbal arrows, quickly rose, emerging from the water with his mace in hand, and stood ready for battle.

Words meanings summery:

• विगाह्य (vigāhya) - having emerged from (traversing the water) (having plunged into, having entered, having traversed)

• सलिलम् (salilam) - water

• तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, yet)

• आशु (āśu) - quickly (quickly, swiftly)

• वाग्बाणैः (vāgbāṇaiḥ) - by the word-arrows (verbal taunts) (by word-arrows, by verbal arrows)

• भृशविक्षतः (bhṛśavikṣataḥ) - severely wounded (by words) (greatly wounded, severely injured)

• उत्थाय (utthāya) - having risen (from the water) (having risen, having stood up)

• स (sa) - he (Duryodhana) (he, that)

• गदापाणिः (gadāpāṇiḥ) - with his mace in hand (mace in hand, one who has a mace in his hand)

• युद्धाय (yuddhāya) - for battle (for battle, for fighting)

• समुपस्थितः (samupasthitaḥ) - stood ready (for battle) (stood ready, appeared, was present)

Words meanings and morphology

विगाह्य (vigāhya) - having emerged from (traversing the water) (having plunged into, having entered, having traversed)

(indeclinable)

Gerund (absolutive)

From '√gāh' with prefix 'vi'. Formed with 'lyap' suffix.

Prefix: vi

Root: gāh (class 1)

Note: Indicates prior or concurrent action.

सलिलम् (salilam) - water

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of salila

salila - water

Note: Object of 'vigāhya'.

तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, yet)

(indeclinable)

आशु (āśu) - quickly (quickly, swiftly)

(indeclinable)

Often used as an adverb.

वाग्बाणैः (vāgbāṇaiḥ) - by the word-arrows (verbal taunts) (by word-arrows, by verbal arrows)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vāgbāṇa

vāgbāṇa - word-arrow, verbal arrow

Compound 'vāc' (word) + 'bāṇa' (arrow).

Compound type : tatpurusha (vāc+bāṇa)

• vāc – word, speech, voice
  noun (feminine)
• bāṇa – arrow
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to the verbal taunts of the Pāṇḍavas.

भृशविक्षतः (bhṛśavikṣataḥ) - severely wounded (by words) (greatly wounded, severely injured)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhṛśavikṣata

bhṛśavikṣata - greatly wounded, severely injured

Past Passive Participle

Compound 'bhṛśa' (greatly) + 'vikṣata' (wounded). 'vikṣata' is PPP from 'vi-√kṣan' (to wound).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (bhṛśa+vikṣata)

• bhṛśa – much, strong, intense, greatly
  adjective
• vikṣata – wounded, injured, broken
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From 'vi-√kṣan' (to wound, injure).
  Prefix: vi
  Root: kṣan (class 8)

Note: Modifies the implied subject (Duryodhana).

उत्थाय (utthāya) - having risen (from the water) (having risen, having stood up)

(indeclinable)

Gerund (absolutive)

From '√sthā' with prefixes 'ud' (becomes 'ut' before 'th') and 'ā'.

Prefix: ud

Root: sthā (class 1)

स (sa) - he (Duryodhana) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, him, her, it

Nominative singular masculine form, often found without visarga ('sa') before certain consonants.

Note: Subject of the sentence.

गदापाणिः (gadāpāṇiḥ) - with his mace in hand (mace in hand, one who has a mace in his hand)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gadāpāṇi

gadāpāṇi - mace in hand, wielding a mace

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'gadā' (mace) + 'pāṇi' (hand). One who has a mace in hand.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (gadā+pāṇi)

• gadā – mace, club
  noun (feminine)
• pāṇi – hand
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies 'sa'.

युद्धाय (yuddhāya) - for battle (for battle, for fighting)

(noun)

Dative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

From '√yudh' (to fight) + 'kta' suffix.

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Indicates purpose, 'for battle'.

समुपस्थितः (samupasthitaḥ) - stood ready (for battle) (stood ready, appeared, was present)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samupasthita

samupasthita - stood near, approached, ready

Past Passive Participle

From '√sthā' (to stand) with prefixes 'sam' and 'upa'.

Prefixes: sam+upa

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective, describing the state of 'sa'.