महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-59, verse-12

अकरोत्स ततः कालं शरतल्पगतो मुनिः ।
अयनं दक्षिणं हित्वा संप्राप्ते चोत्तरायणे ॥१२॥

12. akarotsa tataḥ kālaṁ śaratalpagato muniḥ ,
ayanaṁ dakṣiṇaṁ hitvā saṁprāpte cottarāyaṇe.

12. akarot saḥ tataḥ kālam śaratpalpagataḥ muniḥ
ayanam dakṣiṇam hitvā samprāpte ca uttarāyaṇe

12. tataḥ saḥ muniḥ śaratpalpagataḥ dakṣiṇam ayanam
hitvā ca uttarāyaṇe samprāpte kālam akarot

12. Then, that sage (muni), lying on a bed of arrows, departed, having forsaken the southern solstice and awaiting the arrival of the northern solstice (uttarāyaṇa).

Words meanings summery:

• अकरोत् (akarot) - departed (literally 'made time', meaning passed away) (he did, he made, he performed)

• सः (saḥ) - he (he, that (masculine))

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereupon, from that)

• कालम् (kālam) - his life / end of his time (time, period, proper time)

• शरत्पल्पगतः (śaratpalpagataḥ) - lying on a bed of arrows (lying on a bed of arrows, having gone to a bed of arrows)

• मुनिः (muniḥ) - the sage (muni) (Bhishma) (sage, ascetic, enlightened person)

• अयनम् (ayanam) - course (course, path, movement, solstice)

• दक्षिणम् (dakṣiṇam) - southern (southern, right (direction), skilled)

• हित्वा (hitvā) - having forsaken (having abandoned, having left, having given up)

• सम्प्राप्ते (samprāpte) - when it had arrived (when it has arrived, having been attained)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• उत्तरायणे (uttarāyaṇe) - of the northern solstice (uttarāyaṇa) (in the northern course (of the sun), in the northern solstice)

Words meanings and morphology

अकरोत् (akarot) - departed (literally 'made time', meaning passed away) (he did, he made, he performed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of kṛ

Imperfect (Laṅ) form

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: used idiomatically with 'kālam' to mean 'to pass away'

सः (saḥ) - he (he, that (masculine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: refers to Bhishma

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereupon, from that)

(indeclinable)

कालम् (kālam) - his life / end of his time (time, period, proper time)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, death, period, proper time

Note: object of 'akarot', in the idiom 'kālam kṛ' meaning 'to die'

शरत्पल्पगतः (śaratpalpagataḥ) - lying on a bed of arrows (lying on a bed of arrows, having gone to a bed of arrows)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śaratpalpagata

śaratpalpagata - lying on a bed of arrows

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śara+talpa+gata)

• śara – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• talpa – bed, couch
  noun (masculine)
• gata – gone, attained, being in
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Root gam (to go) + kta suffix
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: modifies 'muniḥ'

मुनिः (muniḥ) - the sage (muni) (Bhishma) (sage, ascetic, enlightened person)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of muni

muni - sage, ascetic, inspired saint, enlightened person

Note: refers to Bhishma

अयनम् (ayanam) - course (course, path, movement, solstice)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ayana

ayana - course, path, movement, way, solstice

from root i (to go) + lyuṭ suffix

Root: i (class 2)

Note: object of 'hitvā'

दक्षिणम् (dakṣiṇam) - southern (southern, right (direction), skilled)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dakṣiṇa

dakṣiṇa - southern, right (direction), skilled, able, honest

Note: modifies 'ayanam'

हित्वा (hitvā) - having forsaken (having abandoned, having left, having given up)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Root hā (to abandon) + ktvā suffix

Root: hā (class 3)

सम्प्राप्ते (samprāpte) - when it had arrived (when it has arrived, having been attained)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of samprāpta

samprāpta - arrived, attained, reached

Past Passive Participle

Root āp (to obtain, reach) with prefixes sam- and pra- + kta suffix

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: part of a locative absolute construction with 'uttarāyaṇe'

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

उत्तरायणे (uttarāyaṇe) - of the northern solstice (uttarāyaṇa) (in the northern course (of the sun), in the northern solstice)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of uttarāyaṇa

uttarāyaṇa - northern course (of the sun), northern solstice

Compound type : karmadhāraya (uttara+ayana)

• uttara – northern, upper, later, subsequent
  adjective (neuter)
• ayana – course, path, movement, way, solstice
  noun (neuter)
  from root i (to go) + lyuṭ suffix
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: part of a locative absolute construction with 'samprāpte'