महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-59, verse-24

अवधीन्मद्रराजानं कुरुराजो युधिष्ठिरः ।
तस्मिंस्तथार्धदिवसे कर्म कृत्वा सुदुष्करम् ॥२४॥

24. avadhīnmadrarājānaṁ kururājo yudhiṣṭhiraḥ ,
tasmiṁstathārdhadivase karma kṛtvā suduṣkaram.

24. avadhīt madrarājānam kururājaḥ yudhiṣṭhiraḥ
tasmin tathā ardhadivase karma kṛtvā suduṣkaram

24. kururājaḥ yudhiṣṭhiraḥ madrarājānam avadhīt
tasmin ardhadivase tathā suduṣkaram karma kṛtvā

24. King Yudhiṣṭhira, the ruler of the Kurus, killed Śalya, the king of Madra, during that same half-day, after having performed an exceedingly difficult deed (karma).

Words meanings summery:

• अवधीत् (avadhīt) - Yudhiṣṭhira killed Śalya (he killed, he slew)

• मद्रराजानम् (madrarājānam) - Śalya, the king of the Madra kingdom (the king of Madra)

• कुरुराजः (kururājaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira, as he was now the king (king of the Kurus)

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira, the eldest of the Pāṇḍavas (Yudhiṣṭhira)

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - on that particular half-day mentioned (in that, on that)

• तथा (tathā) - emphasizing the event or duration (thus, so, in that manner, similarly)

• अर्धदिवसे (ardhadivase) - refers to the specific half-day when the event took place (in the half-day, during the half-day)

• कर्म (karma) - the act of killing Śalya, a significant and destined action (deed, action, work (karma))

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - after Yudhiṣṭhira performed the difficult deed (having done, having performed)

• सुदुşकरम् (suduşkaram) - describing the act of killing Śalya (very difficult, exceedingly hard to do)

Words meanings and morphology

अवधीत् (avadhīt) - Yudhiṣṭhira killed Śalya (he killed, he slew)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of avadh

Aorist, 3rd person, singular, active voice. Root √han (to strike, kill) with prefix ava.

Root √han, class 2 (irregular aorist).

Prefix: ava

Root: han (class 2)

मद्रराजानम् (madrarājānam) - Śalya, the king of the Madra kingdom (the king of Madra)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of madrarājan

madrarājan - king of Madra

Compound.

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī tatpuruṣa (madra+rājan)

• madra – name of a country and its people
  proper noun (neuter)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

कुरुराजः (kururājaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira, as he was now the king (king of the Kurus)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kururāja

kururāja - king of the Kurus

Compound.

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī tatpuruṣa (kuru+rājan)

• kuru – name of an ancient tribe and kingdom
  proper noun (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira, the eldest of the Pāṇḍavas (Yudhiṣṭhira)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - steady in battle (name of the eldest Pāṇḍava)

Compound meaning "steady in battle."

Compound type : aluk tatpuruṣa (yudh+sthira)

• yudh – battle, fight
  noun (feminine)
  From root √yudh (to fight)
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – firm, steady, constant
  adjective (masculine)
  From root √sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - on that particular half-day mentioned (in that, on that)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

तथा (tathā) - emphasizing the event or duration (thus, so, in that manner, similarly)

(indeclinable)

Adverb.

अर्धदिवसे (ardhadivase) - refers to the specific half-day when the event took place (in the half-day, during the half-day)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of ardhadivasa

ardhadivasa - half-day

Compound.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (ardha+divasa)

• ardha – half, part
  noun (neuter)
• divasa – day
  noun (masculine)
  Root: div (class 4)

कर्म (karma) - the act of killing Śalya, a significant and destined action (deed, action, work (karma))

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of karman

karman - action, deed, work, ritual, fate (karma)

From root √kṛ (to do) + -man suffix

Root: kṛ (class 8)

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - after Yudhiṣṭhira performed the difficult deed (having done, having performed)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive / Gerund

From root √kṛ (to do) + -tvā suffix.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

सुदुşकरम् (suduşkaram) - describing the act of killing Śalya (very difficult, exceedingly hard to do)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of suduşkara

suduşkara - very difficult, exceedingly hard to do

Compound with intensifying prefix 'su-' and 'duṣkara'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (su+duṣkara)

• su – good, well, easy; an intensifier
  indeclinable
  Prefix.
• duṣkara – difficult to do, hard, arduous
  adjective (neuter)
  From dus-√kṛ (to do badly/with difficulty)
  Prefix: dus
  Root: kṛ (class 8)