महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-59, verse-10

तेषां तदभवद्युद्धं दशाहानि महात्मनाम् ।
कुरूणां पाण्डवानां च सुमहद्रोमहर्षणम् ॥१०॥

10. teṣāṁ tadabhavadyuddhaṁ daśāhāni mahātmanām ,
kurūṇāṁ pāṇḍavānāṁ ca sumahadromaharṣaṇam.

10. teṣām tat abhavat yuddham daśāhāni mahātmanām
kurūṇām pāṇḍavānām ca sumahat romaharṣaṇam

10. kurūṇām ca pāṇḍavānām teṣām mahātmanām tat
sumahat romaharṣaṇam yuddham daśāhāni abhavat

10. That very great, hair-raising battle occurred for ten days between those great-souled (mahātmanām) Kurus and Pandavas.

Words meanings summery:

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - Refers to the Kurus and Pandavas. (of them, for them)

• तत् (tat) - Referring to the battle. (that, this)

• अभवत् (abhavat) - happened, occurred, was

• युद्धम् (yuddham) - The Kurukshetra War. (battle, war, fight)

• दशाहानि (daśāhāni) - Refers to the duration of the battle under Bhishma's command. (for ten days, ten days)

• महात्मनाम् (mahātmanām) - Refers to both the Kurus and Pandavas, implying their noble lineage and stature despite being at war. (of the great-souled, of the noble ones)

• कुरूणाम् (kurūṇām) - The lineage of King Kuru, here referring to both branches (Kauravas and Pandavas). (of the Kurus)

• पाण्डवानाम् (pāṇḍavānām) - The five sons of Pandu. (of the Pandavas)

• च (ca) - Connects "Kurus" and "Pandavas". (and, also)

• सुमहत् (sumahat) - Describes the battle's intensity and scale. (very great, immense, mighty)

• रोमहर्षणम् (romaharṣaṇam) - Emphasizes the fearsome nature of the great battle. (hair-raising, thrilling, terrifying)

Words meanings and morphology

तेषाम् (teṣām) - Refers to the Kurus and Pandavas. (of them, for them)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Demonstrative pronoun.

तत् (tat) - Referring to the battle. (that, this)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to `yuddham`.

अभवत् (abhavat) - happened, occurred, was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect 3rd Person Singular

From root `bhū`, 1st class verb. Imperfect `a` prefix.

Root: bhū (class 1)

युद्धम् (yuddham) - The Kurukshetra War. (battle, war, fight)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, war, fight, combat

Past Passive Participle (from `yudh` to fight), nominalized

From root `yudh` (to fight) + suffix `kta`.

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Subject of `abhavat`.

दशाहानि (daśāhāni) - Refers to the duration of the battle under Bhishma's command. (for ten days, ten days)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of daśāhan

daśāhan - period of ten days

Compound of `daśa` (ten) and `ahan` (day).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (daśa+ahan)

• daśa – ten
  numeral
• ahan – day
  noun (neuter)

Note: Acts as an adverb of time.

महात्मनाम् (mahātmanām) - Refers to both the Kurus and Pandavas, implying their noble lineage and stature despite being at war. (of the great-souled, of the noble ones)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, magnanimous

Compound of `mahā` (great) and `ātman` (soul, self).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• ātman – soul (ātman), self, essence, spirit
  noun (masculine)

कुरूणाम् (kurūṇām) - The lineage of King Kuru, here referring to both branches (Kauravas and Pandavas). (of the Kurus)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kuru

kuru - Kuru (name of an ancient king, a dynasty, or a region)

पाण्डवानाम् (pāṇḍavānām) - The five sons of Pandu. (of the Pandavas)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pandu, the Pandavas

From `pāṇḍu` + suffix `a`.

च (ca) - Connects "Kurus" and "Pandavas". (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Placed after the second item it connects.

सुमहत् (sumahat) - Describes the battle's intensity and scale. (very great, immense, mighty)

(adjective)

neuter, singular of sumahat

sumahat - very great, immense, mighty

Compound of `su-` (very, excellent) and `mahat` (great).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+mahat)

• su – good, well, very, excellent
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating excellence or intensity.
• mahat – great, large, mighty
  adjective (neuter)

रोमहर्षणम् (romaharṣaṇam) - Emphasizes the fearsome nature of the great battle. (hair-raising, thrilling, terrifying)

(adjective)

neuter, singular of romaharṣaṇa

romaharṣaṇa - causing the hair to stand on end, thrilling, terrifying

Compound of `roman` (hair) + `harṣaṇa` (causing to stand erect, thrilling). From root `hṛṣ` (to bristle) with causal suffix.

Compound type : upapada (roman+harṣaṇa)

• roman – hair (on the body)
  noun (neuter)
• harṣaṇa – causing thrill, exciting, bristling
  adjective (neuter)
  Causal present participle or agent noun
  From root `hṛṣ` (to be excited, to bristle) + causal `ṇic` + `ana` suffix.
  Root: hṛṣ (class 1)