महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-59, verse-21

ततः पार्थं समासाद्य पतंग इव पावकम् ।
पञ्चत्वमगमत्सौतिर्द्वितीयेऽहनि दारुणे ॥२१॥

21. tataḥ pārthaṁ samāsādya pataṁga iva pāvakam ,
pañcatvamagamatsautirdvitīye'hani dāruṇe.

21. tataḥ pārtham samāsādya pataṅgaḥ iva pāvakam
pañcatvam agamat sautiḥ dvitīye ahani dāruṇe

21. tataḥ sautiḥ pārtham samāsādya pataṅgaḥ iva
pāvakam dvitīye dāruṇe ahani pañcatvam agamat

21. Then, having approached Pārtha (Arjuna) like a moth rushes into a fire, Sauti met his death on the terrible second day.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, therefrom, after that)

• पार्थम् (pārtham) - Pārtha (Arjuna) (Arjuna (son of Pṛthā))

• समासाद्य (samāsādya) - having approached (having approached, having obtained)

• पतङ्गः (pataṅgaḥ) - moth (moth, bird, grasshopper)

• इव (iva) - like (like, as, as it were)

• पावकम् (pāvakam) - fire (fire; purifying, pure)

• पञ्चत्वम् (pañcatvam) - death (the state of five (elements), dissolution into five elements, death)

• अगमत् (agamat) - met (death), reached (he went, he reached)

• सौतिः (sautiḥ) - Sauti (a charioteer) (son of Sūta, a charioteer (especially Karṇa's))

• द्वितीये (dvitīye) - on the second

• अहनि (ahani) - on the day (in the day, on the day)

• दारुणे (dāruṇe) - on the terrible (in the terrible, in the fierce)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, therefrom, after that)

(indeclinable)

पार्थम् (pārtham) - Pārtha (Arjuna) (Arjuna (son of Pṛthā))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (an epithet of Arjuna)

derived from Pṛthā with aṇ suffix

Note: Refers to Arjuna.

समासाद्य (samāsādya) - having approached (having approached, having obtained)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

from root sad with upasargas sam and ā

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: sad (class 1)

पतङ्गः (pataṅgaḥ) - moth (moth, bird, grasshopper)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pataṅga

pataṅga - a moth, butterfly; a bird; a grasshopper

इव (iva) - like (like, as, as it were)

(indeclinable)

पावकम् (pāvakam) - fire (fire; purifying, pure)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pāvaka

pāvaka - fire; purifying, pure; Agni

Root: pū (class 1)

पञ्चत्वम् (pañcatvam) - death (the state of five (elements), dissolution into five elements, death)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pañcatva

pañcatva - the state of five elements, dissolution, death

abstract noun from pañcan ('five') + tva

Compound type : tatpurusha (pañcan+tva)

• pañcan – five
  numeral
• tva – suffix for abstract nouns
  suffix (neuter)

Note: Refers to death.

अगमत् (agamat) - met (death), reached (he went, he reached)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of gam

Root: gam (class 1)

सौतिः (sautiḥ) - Sauti (a charioteer) (son of Sūta, a charioteer (especially Karṇa's))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sauti

sauti - son of Sūta; name of a class of persons (charioteers/bards); epithet of Ugraśravas (narrator); or Śalya (Karṇa's charioteer)

patronymic from Sūta

Note: The identity of Sauti here is ambiguous given the 'second day' context relative to Karṇa's command.

द्वितीये (dvitīye) - on the second

(numeral)

Note: Agrees with 'ahani'.

अहनि (ahani) - on the day (in the day, on the day)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of ahan

ahan - day

दारुणे (dāruṇe) - on the terrible (in the terrible, in the fierce)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of dāruṇa

dāruṇa - terrible, dreadful, fierce

Note: Agrees with 'ahani'.