महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-59, verse-28

ततः शिष्टेन सैन्येन समन्तात्परिवार्य तम् ।
उपोपविविशुर्हृष्टा ह्रदस्थं पञ्च पाण्डवाः ॥२८॥

28. tataḥ śiṣṭena sainyena samantātparivārya tam ,
upopaviviśurhṛṣṭā hradasthaṁ pañca pāṇḍavāḥ.

28. tataḥ śiṣṭena sainyena samantāt parivārya tam
upopaviviśuḥ hṛṣṭāḥ hradastham pañca pāṇḍavāḥ

28. tataḥ śiṣṭena sainyena samantāt tam parivārya
hṛṣṭāḥ pañca pāṇḍavāḥ hradastham upopaviviśuḥ

28. Then, with the remaining army, the five delighted Pāṇḍavas surrounded him from all sides and sat down near him, who was in the lake.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence, from that)

• शिष्टेन (śiṣṭena) - by the remaining (army) (by the remaining, by the disciplined)

• सैन्येन (sainyena) - by the army (by the army, by the troop)

• समन्तात् (samantāt) - from all sides (all around, from all sides)

• परिवार्य (parivārya) - having surrounded (having surrounded, having encompassed)

• तम् (tam) - him (Duryodhana) (him, that)

• उपोपविविशुः (upopaviviśuḥ) - they sat down near (him) (they sat down near)

• हृष्टाः (hṛṣṭāḥ) - delighted (joyful, delighted, happy)

• ह्रदस्थम् (hradastham) - in the lake (referring to Duryodhana) (standing in the lake, located in the lake)

• पञ्च (pañca) - five

• पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pāṇḍavas (sons of Pāṇḍu, the Pāṇḍavas)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence, from that)

(indeclinable)

From 'tad' with 'tas' suffix.

शिष्टेन (śiṣṭena) - by the remaining (army) (by the remaining, by the disciplined)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of śiṣṭa

śiṣṭa - remaining, left over, disciplined, educated, specific

Past Passive Participle

From '√śiṣ' (to leave, to remain, to discipline).

Root: śiṣ (class 7)

Note: Modifying 'sainyena'.

सैन्येन (sainyena) - by the army (by the army, by the troop)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of sainya

sainya - army, host, military

From 'senā' (army).

समन्तात् (samantāt) - from all sides (all around, from all sides)

(indeclinable)

From 'samanta' (all-sided) + 'tā' suffix.

परिवार्य (parivārya) - having surrounded (having surrounded, having encompassed)

(indeclinable)

Gerund (absolutive)

From '√vṛ' with prefix 'pari'. Formed with 'lyap' suffix.

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛ (class 5)

तम् (tam) - him (Duryodhana) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, him, her, it

Note: Object of 'parivārya'.

उपोपविविशुः (upopaviviśuḥ) - they sat down near (him) (they sat down near)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of viś

Perfect (liṭ), 3rd person plural, active voice.

From '√viś' with prefixes 'upa' and 'upa'.

Prefixes: upa+upa

Root: viś (class 6)

हृष्टाः (hṛṣṭāḥ) - delighted (joyful, delighted, happy)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hṛṣṭa

hṛṣṭa - joyful, delighted, thrilled

Past Passive Participle

From '√hṛṣ' (to be thrilled, rejoice).

Root: hṛṣ (class 4)

Note: Nominative plural masculine, modifying 'pāṇḍavāḥ'.

ह्रदस्थम् (hradastham) - in the lake (referring to Duryodhana) (standing in the lake, located in the lake)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hradastha

hradastha - standing in a lake, situated in a lake

Compound 'hrada' (lake) + 'stha' (standing).

Compound type : tatpurusha (hrada+stha)

• hrada – lake, deep pool
  noun (masculine)
• stha – standing, situated, being
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun / Root-derived adjective
  From '√sthā' (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Accusative singular masculine, referring to Duryodhana.

पञ्च (pañca) - five

(numeral)

Note: Modifying 'pāṇḍavāḥ'.

पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pāṇḍavas (sons of Pāṇḍu, the Pāṇḍavas)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, Pāṇḍava

Patronymic from 'Pāṇḍu'.

Note: Subject of 'upopaviviśuḥ'.