महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-35, verse-31

ज्योतिराकाशमादित्यो वायुरिन्द्रः प्रजापतिः ।
नोपैति यावदध्यात्मं तावदेतान्न पश्यति ।
तस्योपायं प्रवक्ष्यामि पुरस्तात्तं निबोधत ॥३१॥

31. jyotirākāśamādityo vāyurindraḥ prajāpatiḥ ,
nopaiti yāvadadhyātmaṁ tāvadetānna paśyati ,
tasyopāyaṁ pravakṣyāmi purastāttaṁ nibodhata.

31. jyotiḥ ākāśam ādityaḥ vāyuḥ indraḥ
prajāpatiḥ na upaiti yāvat adhyātmam
tāvat etān na paśyati tasya upāyam
pravakṣyāmi purastāt tam nibodhata

31. jyotiḥ ākāśam ādityaḥ vāyuḥ indraḥ prajāpatiḥ [iti (these)] yāvat adhyātmam na upaiti,
tāvat etān na paśyati tasya upāyam pravakṣyāmi tam purastāt nibodhata

31. Light, space (ākāśa), the sun, wind, Indra, Prajāpati — as long as one does not approach the spiritual (adhyātma) state, one does not perceive these (deities/elements). I will explain the means to attain that; understand it fully beforehand.

Words meanings summery:

• ज्योतिः (jyotiḥ) - light, radiance, effulgence

• आकाशम् (ākāśam) - space (ākāśa) (space, ether, sky)

• आदित्यः (ādityaḥ) - the sun (the sun, a son of Aditi)

• वायुः (vāyuḥ) - the wind (wind, air, god of wind)

• इन्द्रः (indraḥ) - Indra (king of gods)

• प्रजापतिः (prajāpatiḥ) - Prajāpati (creator deity)

• न (na) - not, no

• उपैति (upaiti) - approaches (the spiritual state) (approaches, obtains, reaches)

• यावत् (yāvat) - as long as, as much as, until

• अध्यात्मम् (adhyātmam) - the spiritual (adhyātma) state (the self (ātman), the supreme spirit, spiritual realm)

• तावत् (tāvat) - then, so long (as) (so long, so much, then, at that time)

• एतान् (etān) - these (deities/elements listed) (these (masculine plural))

• न (na) - not, no

• पश्यति (paśyati) - perceives (these deities/elements) (sees, perceives, beholds)

• तस्य (tasya) - of that (spiritual state) (of that, his, its)

• उपायम् (upāyam) - means, way, method, approach

• प्रवक्ष्यामि (pravakṣyāmi) - I will declare, I will explain, I will speak

• पुरस्तात् (purastāt) - beforehand (in time, or presented to you) (before, in front, eastward, beforehand)

• तम् (tam) - that (means) (that, him, it)

• निबोधत (nibodhata) - understand (it) (understand, know, perceive)

Words meanings and morphology

ज्योतिः (jyotiḥ) - light, radiance, effulgence

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jyotis

jyotis - light, radiance, star, fire, brilliance

From √jyut (to shine) + -is suffix.

Root: jyut (class 1)

Note: Part of a list of subjects.

आकाशम् (ākāśam) - space (ākāśa) (space, ether, sky)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ākāśa

ākāśa - space, ether, sky, void

From `ā` + √kāś (to shine, appear).

Prefix: ā

Root: kāś (class 1)

Note: Part of a list of subjects.

आदित्यः (ādityaḥ) - the sun (the sun, a son of Aditi)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āditya

āditya - the sun, son of Aditi, a god

From `Aditi` (mother of gods) + `ya` suffix.

Note: Part of a list of subjects.

वायुः (vāyuḥ) - the wind (wind, air, god of wind)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāyu

vāyu - wind, air, god of wind

From √vā (to blow) + -yu suffix.

Root: vā (class 2)

Note: Part of a list of subjects.

इन्द्रः (indraḥ) - Indra (king of gods)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of indra

indra - Indra (name of a Vedic deity, king of gods)

Note: Part of a list of subjects.

प्रजापतिः (prajāpatiḥ) - Prajāpati (creator deity)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prajāpati

prajāpati - lord of creatures, creator, Prajāpati

`prajā` (offspring) + `pati` (lord).

Compound type : tatpurusha (prajā+pati)

• prajā – offspring, progeny, people
  noun (feminine)
  Prefix: pra
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)

Note: Part of a list of subjects.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

Note: Negates `upaiti` and `paśyati`.

उपैति (upaiti) - approaches (the spiritual state) (approaches, obtains, reaches)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of √i

Present Tense

From √i (to go) with prefix `upa`. Present 3rd singular.

Prefix: upa

Root: i (class 2)

यावत् (yāvat) - as long as, as much as, until

(indeclinable)

Correlative with `tāvat`.

अध्यात्मम् (adhyātmam) - the spiritual (adhyātma) state (the self (ātman), the supreme spirit, spiritual realm)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of adhyātma

adhyātma - pertaining to the self, spiritual, supreme spirit

`adhi` (concerning) + `ātman` (self).

Compound type : avyayibhāva (adhi+ātman)

• adhi – above, over, concerning
  indeclinable
• ātman – self, soul, supreme spirit
  noun (masculine)

तावत् (tāvat) - then, so long (as) (so long, so much, then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Correlative with `yāvat`.

एतान् (etān) - these (deities/elements listed) (these (masculine plural))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Object of `paśyati`.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

Note: Negates `paśyati`.

पश्यति (paśyati) - perceives (these deities/elements) (sees, perceives, beholds)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of √dṛś

Present Tense

From √dṛś (class 1, to see), present 3rd singular, uses root `paś` in present.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

तस्य (tasya) - of that (spiritual state) (of that, his, its)

(pronoun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it, he, she

Genitive singular.

Note: Modifies `upāyam`.

उपायम् (upāyam) - means, way, method, approach

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of upāya

upāya - means, way, method, approach, device

From `upa` + √i (to go, approach).

Prefix: upa

Root: i (class 2)

प्रवक्ष्यामि (pravakṣyāmi) - I will declare, I will explain, I will speak

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of √vac

Future Tense

From √vac (to speak) with prefix `pra`. Future 1st singular.

Prefix: pra

Root: vac (class 2)

पुरस्तात् (purastāt) - beforehand (in time, or presented to you) (before, in front, eastward, beforehand)

(indeclinable)

Adverb from `puras` (before) + `tāt` suffix.

तम् (tam) - that (means) (that, him, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, it, he, she

Accusative singular masculine.

निबोधत (nibodhata) - understand (it) (understand, know, perceive)

(verb)

2nd person , plural, active, imperative (loṭ) of √budh

Imperative

From √budh (class 1, to know) with prefix `ni`.

Prefix: ni

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Addressed to the audience.