महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-35, verse-29

गदतस्तं ममाद्येह पन्थानं दुर्विदं परम् ।
निबोधत महाभागा निखिलेन परं पदम् ॥२९॥

29. gadatastaṁ mamādyeha panthānaṁ durvidaṁ param ,
nibodhata mahābhāgā nikhilena paraṁ padam.

29. gadatas tam mama adya iha panthānam durvidam
param nibodhata mahābhāgā nikhilena param padam

29. mahābhāgā adya iha gadatas mama tam durvidam param panthānam,
nikhilena param padam nibodhata

29. O greatly fortunate ones, as I speak to you here today about that supreme (parama) and difficult-to-know path, understand completely the ultimate state.

Words meanings summery:

• गदतस् (gadatas) - speaking, telling, saying

• तम् (tam) - that (path) (that, him, it)

• मम (mama) - by me (as I speak) (my, to me, for me)

• अद्य (adya) - today, now

• इह (iha) - here (in this place) (here, in this world)

• पन्थानम् (panthānam) - path, road, way

• दुर्विदम् (durvidam) - difficult to know, hard to understand

• परम् (param) - supreme, highest, ultimate

• निबोधत (nibodhata) - understand (the ultimate state) (understand, know, perceive)

• महाभागा (mahābhāgā) - O greatly fortunate ones, O illustrious ones

• निखिलेन (nikhilena) - completely, entirely, wholly

• परम् (param) - supreme, highest, ultimate

• पदम् (padam) - ultimate state (state, abode, position, step, ultimate goal)

Words meanings and morphology

गदतस् (gadatas) - speaking, telling, saying

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of gadat

gadat - speaking, saying, telling

Present Active Participle

From √gad (to speak) + śatṛ suffix.

Root: gad (class 1)

Note: Acts as a participle modifying the implicit subject ('I' or 'me').

तम् (tam) - that (path) (that, him, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, it, he, she

Note: Refers to `panthānam`.

मम (mama) - by me (as I speak) (my, to me, for me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Possessive, or dative/genitive. Here, indicates the speaker.

अद्य (adya) - today, now

(indeclinable)

इह (iha) - here (in this place) (here, in this world)

(indeclinable)

पन्थानम् (panthānam) - path, road, way

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of panthā

panthā - path, road, way

Note: Object of the implicit verb 'speaking about'.

दुर्विदम् (durvidam) - difficult to know, hard to understand

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of durvida

durvida - difficult to know, hard to understand

From `dur` (bad, difficult) + `vida` (knowing, finding).

Compound type : tatpurusha (dur+vida)

• dur – bad, difficult, hard
  indeclinable
• vida – knowing, finding, existing
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun / Verbal Adjective
  From √vid (to know, find).
  Root: vid (class 2)

परम् (param) - supreme, highest, ultimate

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of para

para - supreme, highest, ultimate, other

Note: Adjective modifying `panthānam`.

निबोधत (nibodhata) - understand (the ultimate state) (understand, know, perceive)

(verb)

2nd person , plural, active, imperative (loṭ) of √budh

Imperative

From √budh (class 1, to know) with prefix `ni`.

Prefix: ni

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Addressed to `mahābhāgāḥ`.

महाभागा (mahābhāgā) - O greatly fortunate ones, O illustrious ones

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, plural of mahābhāga

mahābhāga - greatly fortunate, illustrious, noble

Compound of `mahā` (great) + `bhāga` (fortune/share).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+bhāga)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
  From mahat, great.
• bhāga – share, fortune, portion, lot
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adressed to an audience.

निखिलेन (nikhilena) - completely, entirely, wholly

(adjective)

Instrumental, singular of nikhila

nikhila - whole, entire, complete

`ni` (not) + `khila` (gap, remnant). "Without any gap/remnant".

Compound type : bahuvrihi (ni+khila)

• ni – not, without
  indeclinable
• khila – gap, vacant ground, remnant, waste land
  noun (neuter)

Note: Adverbial use.

परम् (param) - supreme, highest, ultimate

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of para

para - supreme, highest, ultimate, other

Note: Adjective modifying `padam`.

पदम् (padam) - ultimate state (state, abode, position, step, ultimate goal)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pada

pada - step, foot, state, abode, position, ultimate goal

From √pad (to go, move) + suffix -a.

Root: pad (class 4)