महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-35, verse-30

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ब्रह्मचारिकमेवाहुराश्रमं प्रथमं पदम् ।
गार्हस्थ्यं तु द्वितीयं स्याद्वानप्रस्थमतः परम् ।
ततः परं तु विज्ञेयमध्यात्मं परमं पदम् ॥३०॥

30. brahmacārikamevāhurāśramaṁ prathamaṁ padam ,
gārhasthyaṁ tu dvitīyaṁ syādvānaprasthamataḥ param ,
tataḥ paraṁ tu vijñeyamadhyātmaṁ paramaṁ padam.

30. brahmacārikam eva āhuḥ āśramam prathamam
padam gārhasthyam tu dvitīyam
syāt vānaprastham ataḥ param tataḥ
param tu vijñeyam adhyātmam paramam padam

30. brahmacārikam āśramam prathamam padam
eva āhuḥ gārhasthyam tu dvitīyam
syāt ataḥ param vānaprastham tataḥ
param tu adhyātmam paramam padam vijñeyam

30. They declare the celibate student (brahmacarya) stage as the first stage of life (āśrama). The householder state is the second, followed by the forest-dweller (vānaprastha) stage. Beyond that, the spiritual (adhyātma) state should be known as the ultimate state.

Words meanings summery:

(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)

ब्रह्मचारिकम् (brahmacārikam) - the celibate student (brahmacarya) stage (related to a celibate student, student life)

एव (eva) - only, just, indeed

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they declare

आश्रमम् (āśramam) - stage of life (āśrama) (stage of life, hermitage)

प्रथमम् (prathamam) - first, primary

पदम् (padam) - state, abode, position, step

गार्हस्थ्यम् (gārhasthyam) - the householder stage (householder state, domestic life)

तु (tu) - but, yet, indeed, on the other hand

द्वितीयम् (dvitīyam) - second

स्यात् (syāt) - may be, should be, would be

वानप्रस्थम् (vānaprastham) - the forest-dweller (vānaprastha) stage (forest-dweller stage, hermitage life)

अतः (ataḥ) - after this (gārhasthya) (thence, from this, after this)

परम् (param) - next, subsequent, higher

ततः (tataḥ) - after that (vānaprastha stage) (thence, from that, after that)

परम् (param) - next, subsequent, higher

तु (tu) - but, yet, indeed, on the other hand

विज्ञेयम् (vijñeyam) - to be known, should be understood

अध्यात्मम् (adhyātmam) - the spiritual (adhyātma) state (spiritual, pertaining to the self (ātman), pertaining to the supreme self)

परमम् (paramam) - supreme, highest, ultimate

पदम् (padam) - ultimate state (state, abode, position, ultimate goal)

Words meanings and morphology

ब्रह्मचारिकम् (brahmacārikam) - the celibate student (brahmacarya) stage (related to a celibate student, student life)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of brahmacārika

brahmacārika - a celibate student; related to `brahmacarya`

From `brahmacarin` (celibate student) or `brahmacarya` (student life) + suffix `ika`.

Note: Object of `āhuḥ`.

एव (eva) - only, just, indeed

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they declare

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of √brū

Perfect Tense

From √brū (to speak), perfect 3rd plural.

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Generic 'they'.

आश्रमम् (āśramam) - stage of life (āśrama) (stage of life, hermitage)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āśrama

āśrama - stage of life, hermitage, abode of ascetics

From `ā` + √śram (to exert, toil). Place of exertion or spiritual endeavor.

Prefix: ā

Root: śram (class 4)

Note: Refers to a stage of life.

प्रथमम् (prathamam) - first, primary

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of prathama

prathama - first, foremost, primary

Superlative form of `pra` (foremost).

पदम् (padam) - state, abode, position, step

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pada

pada - step, foot, state, abode, position, ultimate goal

From √pad (to go, move) + suffix -a.

Root: pad (class 4)

गार्हस्थ्यम् (gārhasthyam) - the householder stage (householder state, domestic life)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of gārhasthya

gārhasthya - the state of a householder, domestic life

From `gṛhastha` (householder) + suffix `ya`.

तु (tu) - but, yet, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

Conjunction/particle.

Note: Introduces a contrast or continuation.

द्वितीयम् (dvitīyam) - second

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dvitīya

dvitīya - second

From `dvi` (two) + suffix `tīya`.

स्यात् (syāt) - may be, should be, would be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of √as

Optative

From √as (to be), optative 3rd singular.

Root: as (class 2)

वानप्रस्थम् (vānaprastham) - the forest-dweller (vānaprastha) stage (forest-dweller stage, hermitage life)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vānaprastha

vānaprastha - forest-dweller, hermit; stage of life as a forest-dweller

From `vana` (forest) + `prastha` (standing, situated in).

Compound type : tatpurusha (vana+prastha)

vana – forest, wood, grove
noun (neuter)
prastha – standing, situated in, flat ground, level surface
adjective/noun (masculine)
From pra-√sthā (to stand forth).
Prefix: pra
Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Implied verb `syāt`.

अतः (ataḥ) - after this (gārhasthya) (thence, from this, after this)

(indeclinable)

Adverb formed from `idam` (this) + suffix `tas`.

परम् (param) - next, subsequent, higher

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of para

para - supreme, highest, ultimate, other, next

Note: Functions adverbially with `ataḥ`.

ततः (tataḥ) - after that (vānaprastha stage) (thence, from that, after that)

(indeclinable)

Adverb formed from `tad` (that) + suffix `tas`.