महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-18, verse-20

अतो नियम्यते लोकः प्रमुह्य धर्मवर्त्मसु ।
यस्तु योगी च मुक्तश्च स एतेभ्यो विशिष्यते ॥२०॥

20. ato niyamyate lokaḥ pramuhya dharmavartmasu ,
yastu yogī ca muktaśca sa etebhyo viśiṣyate.

20. ataḥ niyamyate lokaḥ pramuhya dharmavartmasu
yaḥ tu yogī ca muktaḥ ca saḥ etebhyaḥ viśiṣyate

20. ataḥ lokaḥ dharmavartmasu pramuhya niyamyate
yaḥ tu yogī ca muktaḥ ca saḥ etebhyaḥ viśiṣyate

20. Therefore, humanity is constrained, being bewildered on the paths of natural law (dharma). But the one who is both a practitioner of yoga (yogī) and liberated (mukta), he is superior to these.

Words meanings summery:

• अतः (ataḥ) - therefore (therefore, hence, from this)

• नियम्यते (niyamyate) - is constrained/regulated (is regulated, is controlled, is bound)

• लोकः (lokaḥ) - humanity (world, people, mankind, humanity)

• प्रमुह्य (pramuhya) - being bewildered (being deluded, becoming bewildered, greatly confused)

• धर्मवर्त्मसु (dharmavartmasu) - on the paths of natural law (dharma) (on the paths of dharma, in righteous ways)

• यः (yaḥ) - he who (who, whoever)

• तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, however)

• योगी (yogī) - a practitioner of yoga (yogī) (practitioner of yoga, ascetic, mystic)

• च (ca) - and

• मुक्तः (muktaḥ) - liberated (liberated, freed, released)

• च (ca) - and

• सः (saḥ) - he (he, that)

• एतेभ्यः (etebhyaḥ) - from these [deluded people] (from these, to these)

• विशिष्यते (viśiṣyate) - is superior (is distinguished, excels, is superior)

Words meanings and morphology

अतः (ataḥ) - therefore (therefore, hence, from this)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connective adverb indicating consequence.

नियम्यते (niyamyate) - is constrained/regulated (is regulated, is controlled, is bound)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of niyam

Present Tense

Passive voice of root 'yam' with prefix 'ni'

Prefix: ni

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Present 3rd person singular, passive voice.

लोकः (lokaḥ) - humanity (world, people, mankind, humanity)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, people, humanity

Note: Subject of 'niyamyate'.

प्रमुह्य (pramuhya) - being bewildered (being deluded, becoming bewildered, greatly confused)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Absolutive form of root 'muh' with prefix 'pra'

Prefix: pra

Root: muh (class 4)

Note: Absolutive, indicating a preceding or concomitant action to 'niyamyate'.

धर्मवर्त्मसु (dharmavartmasu) - on the paths of natural law (dharma) (on the paths of dharma, in righteous ways)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of dharmavartman

dharmavartman - path of dharma, righteous path

Compound of 'dharma' and 'vartman'

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+vartman)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• vartman – path, way, track
  noun (neuter)
  From root vṛt
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Locative plural, indicating the sphere of bewilderment.

यः (yaḥ) - he who (who, whoever)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Relative pronoun, subject of the clause.

तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle indicating contrast.

योगी (yogī) - a practitioner of yoga (yogī) (practitioner of yoga, ascetic, mystic)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yogin

yogin - practitioner of yoga, ascetic, mystic

From yoga + -in suffix

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Subject of the clause, in apposition to 'yaḥ'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunctive particle.

मुक्तः (muktaḥ) - liberated (liberated, freed, released)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mukta

mukta - liberated, freed, released

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root 'muc'

Root: muc (class 6)

Note: Qualifies 'yaḥ'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunctive particle, linking 'yogī' and 'muktaḥ'.

सः (saḥ) - he (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he

Note: Correlative pronoun, refers back to 'yaḥ'.

एतेभ्यः (etebhyaḥ) - from these [deluded people] (from these, to these)

(pronoun)

Ablative, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

Note: Ablative plural, indicating comparison/separation from 'lokaḥ'.

विशिष्यते (viśiṣyate) - is superior (is distinguished, excels, is superior)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of viśiṣ

Present Tense

Passive/Middle voice of root 'śiṣ' with prefix 'vi'

Prefix: vi

Root: śiṣ (class 7)

Note: Present 3rd person singular, middle voice.