महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-18, verse-19

तेषु तद्धर्मनिक्षिप्तं यः स धर्मः सनातनः ।
यस्तं समभिपद्येत न स दुर्गतिमाप्नुयात् ॥१९॥

19. teṣu taddharmanikṣiptaṁ yaḥ sa dharmaḥ sanātanaḥ ,
yastaṁ samabhipadyeta na sa durgatimāpnuyāt.

19. teṣu tat dharmanikṣiptam yaḥ saḥ dharmaḥ sanātanaḥ
yaḥ tam samabhipadyeta na saḥ durgatim āpnuyāt

19. teṣu tat dharmanikṣiptam yaḥ saḥ sanātanaḥ dharmaḥ
yaḥ tam samabhipadyeta saḥ durgatim na āpnuyāt

19. That eternal natural law (dharma), which is inherent within beings – whoever realizes it will not encounter misfortune.

Words meanings summery:

• तेषु (teṣu) - in those [beings or principles] (among them, in them, in those)

• तत् (tat) - that [which is established] (that, it)

• धर्मनिक्षिप्तम् (dharmanikṣiptam) - established as the natural law (dharma) (placed in dharma, deposited as dharma, inherent in nature)

• यः (yaḥ) - which [dharma] (which, whoever)

• सः (saḥ) - that [dharma] (he, that)

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law (dharma) (natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, righteousness)

• सनातनः (sanātanaḥ) - eternal (eternal, everlasting, ancient)

• यः (yaḥ) - whoever [person] (whoever, he who)

• तम् (tam) - that [dharma] (that, him)

• समभिपद्येत (samabhipadyeta) - would realize/attain (would attain, would reach, would approach)

• न (na) - not

• सः (saḥ) - he [the one who attains] (he, that)

• दुर्गतिम् (durgatim) - misfortune (misfortune, bad state, difficult destination)

• आप्नुयात् (āpnuyāt) - would encounter/suffer (would obtain, would reach, would suffer)

Words meanings and morphology

तेषु (teṣu) - in those [beings or principles] (among them, in them, in those)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Locative plural of 'tad', referring to individuals or principles.

तत् (tat) - that [which is established] (that, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Neuter nominative singular of 'tad', referring to 'dharmanikṣiptam'.

धर्मनिक्षिप्तम् (dharmanikṣiptam) - established as the natural law (dharma) (placed in dharma, deposited as dharma, inherent in nature)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dharmanikṣipta

dharmanikṣipta - placed/deposited in (dharma), established as natural law

Compound of 'dharma' and 'nikṣipta'

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+nikṣipta)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• nikṣipta – placed, deposited, entrusted
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root kṣip with ni prefix
  Prefix: ni
  Root: kṣip (class 6)

Note: Neuter nominative singular, qualifying 'tat'.

यः (yaḥ) - which [dharma] (which, whoever)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Relative pronoun, refers to 'dharmaḥ sanātanaḥ'.

सः (saḥ) - that [dharma] (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he

Note: Correlative pronoun, refers to 'dharmaḥ sanātanaḥ'.

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law (dharma) (natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, righteousness)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, righteousness

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject of the clause 'yaḥ saḥ dharmaḥ sanātanaḥ'.

सनातनः (sanātanaḥ) - eternal (eternal, everlasting, ancient)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sanātana

sanātana - eternal, everlasting, ancient

From sanā (always, eternally) + tana (suffix)

Note: Qualifies 'dharmaḥ'.

यः (yaḥ) - whoever [person] (whoever, he who)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Relative pronoun, subject of 'samabhipadyeta'.

तम् (tam) - that [dharma] (that, him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, him

Note: Object of 'samabhipadyeta', referring to the 'dharmaḥ sanātanaḥ'.

समभिपद्येत (samabhipadyeta) - would realize/attain (would attain, would reach, would approach)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (liṅ) of samabhipad

Optative Mood

Derived from root 'pad' with prefixes 'sam' and 'abhi'

Prefixes: sam+abhi

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Optative 3rd person singular, middle voice.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Note: Negating particle.

सः (saḥ) - he [the one who attains] (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he

Note: Correlative pronoun, refers back to 'yaḥ'.

दुर्गतिम् (durgatim) - misfortune (misfortune, bad state, difficult destination)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of durgati

durgati - misfortune, bad state, difficult destination

Compound of dur (bad) + gati (state, going)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dur+gati)

• dur – bad, difficult, evil
  indeclinable
• gati – going, motion, state, condition
  noun (feminine)
  From root gam
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Object of 'āpnuyāt'.

आप्नुयात् (āpnuyāt) - would encounter/suffer (would obtain, would reach, would suffer)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of āp

Optative Mood

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Optative 3rd person singular, active voice.