महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-18, verse-13

तत्र धर्मं प्रवक्ष्यामि सुखी भवति येन वै ।
आवर्तमानो जातीषु तथान्योन्यासु सत्तम ॥१३॥

13. tatra dharmaṁ pravakṣyāmi sukhī bhavati yena vai ,
āvartamāno jātīṣu tathānyonyāsu sattama.

13. tatra dharmam pravakṣyāmi sukhī bhavati yena
vai āvartamānaḥ jātiṣu tathā anyonyāsu sattama

13. sattama,
tatra [aham] dharmam pravakṣyāmi,
yena vai [janaḥ] जातीषु tathā anyonyāsu āvartamānaḥ [api] sukhī bhavati

13. O best among the virtuous (sattama), in this context, I will declare that natural law (dharma) by which one becomes happy, even while revolving through different existences.

Words meanings summery:

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that regard, in this context

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law, constitution, righteousness, duty

• प्रवक्ष्यामि (pravakṣyāmi) - I will declare, I will explain, I will proclaim

• सुखी (sukhī) - happy, joyful, comfortable

• भवति (bhavati) - (he/she/it) becomes, is, happens

• येन (yena) - by which, whereby

• वै (vai) - indeed, surely, verily

• आवर्तमानः (āvartamānaḥ) - revolving, recurring, existing

• जातिषु (jātiṣu) - in births, in species, in classes of beings

• तथा (tathā) - and, thus, in the same way

• अन्योन्यासु (anyonyāsu) - among various, among mutual (ones)

• सत्तम (sattama) - O best among the good/virtuous

Words meanings and morphology

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that regard, in this context

(indeclinable)

Locative adverb derived from 'tad' (that).

धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law, constitution, righteousness, duty

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, religious merit

Derived from root dhṛ (to uphold, sustain).

Root: dhṛ

प्रवक्ष्यामि (pravakṣyāmi) - I will declare, I will explain, I will proclaim

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of pravac

Future Active

From root vac (2nd class, adādi group) with prefix pra- in future tense, 1st person singular.

Prefix: pra

Root: vac (class 2)

सुखी (sukhī) - happy, joyful, comfortable

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sukhin

sukhin - happy, joyful, possessing happiness

Adjective derived from sukha (happiness) with the possessive suffix -in.

भवति (bhavati) - (he/she/it) becomes, is, happens

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Present Active

From root bhū (1st class, bhvādi group) in active voice, present tense, 3rd person singular.

Root: bhū (class 1)

येन (yena) - by which, whereby

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, that, what

वै (vai) - indeed, surely, verily

(indeclinable)

आवर्तमानः (āvartamānaḥ) - revolving, recurring, existing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āvartamāna

āvṛt - to turn back, to revolve, to exist

Present Middle Participle

Present Middle Participle of root vṛt (1st class, bhvādi group) with prefix ā-.

Prefix: ā

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Qualifies an implied agent (e.g., 'janaḥ' - a person).

जातिषु (jātiṣu) - in births, in species, in classes of beings

(noun)

Locative, feminine, plural of jāti

jāti - birth, species, class, kind, lineage

Derived from root jan (to be born).

Root: jan

तथा (tathā) - and, thus, in the same way

(indeclinable)

अन्योन्यासु (anyonyāsu) - among various, among mutual (ones)

(pronoun)

Locative, feminine, plural of anyonya

anyonya - mutual, reciprocal, various

Compound of anya (other) + anya (other).

Compound type : avyayībhāva (anya+anya)

• anya – other, another
  pronoun (masculine)
• anya – other, another
  pronoun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'jātiṣu'.

सत्तम (sattama) - O best among the good/virtuous

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of sattama

sattama - best among the good, most excellent of the virtuous

Superlative compound of sat (good/virtuous) and -tama (superlative suffix, here forming a compound meaning 'best of').

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sat+uttama)

• sat – good, virtuous, existing, true
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Active Participle
  Present active participle of root as (to be).
  Root: as (class 2)
• uttama – best, highest, supreme
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative of 'ud' or 'ut' meaning 'up' or 'exceeding'.

Note: Used as an address to the interlocutor.