महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-15, verse-31

तन्मया सह गत्वाद्य राजानं कुरुवर्धनम् ।
आपृच्छ कुरुशार्दूल गमनं द्वारकां प्रति ॥३१॥

31. tanmayā saha gatvādya rājānaṁ kuruvardhanam ,
āpṛccha kuruśārdūla gamanaṁ dvārakāṁ prati.

31. tat mayā saha gatvā adya rājānam kuruvardhanam
āpṛccha kuruśārdūla gamanam dvārakām prati

31. kuruśārdūla tat adya mayā saha kuruvardhanam
rājānam gatvā dvārakām prati gamanam āpṛccha

31. Therefore, O tiger among Kurus, go with me today to King Kuruvardhana and ask his permission for our journey to Dvārakā.

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - therefore (therefore, that)

• मया (mayā) - with me (by me, with me)

• सह (saha) - with, together with

• गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone

• अद्य (adya) - today (today, now)

• राजानम् (rājānam) - king, ruler

• कुरुवर्धनम् (kuruvardhanam) - King Kuruvardhana (likely Dhritarashtra, though could be Duryodhana or another Kuru king depending on context) (augmenter of the Kurus, one who prospers the Kurus)

• आपृच्छ (āpṛccha) - ask permission (ask leave of, bid farewell to, request permission)

• कुरुशार्दूल (kuruśārdūla) - O tiger among Kurus (referring to Arjuna) (O tiger among the Kurus, O foremost Kuru)

• गमनम् (gamanam) - journey (going, journey, departure)

• द्वारकाम् (dvārakām) - Dvārakā (name of a city)

• प्रति (prati) - towards (towards, to)

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - therefore (therefore, that)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used here as an indeclinable 'therefore'.

मया (mayā) - with me (by me, with me)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of aham

aham - I

सह (saha) - with, together with

(indeclinable)

Note: Used with instrumental case.

गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone

(indeclinable)

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Absolutive (gerund) form of 'gam'.

अद्य (adya) - today (today, now)

(indeclinable)

राजानम् (rājānam) - king, ruler

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

कुरुवर्धनम् (kuruvardhanam) - King Kuruvardhana (likely Dhritarashtra, though could be Duryodhana or another Kuru king depending on context) (augmenter of the Kurus, one who prospers the Kurus)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kuruvardhana

kuruvardhana - augmenter of the Kurus, one who prospers the Kurus

Compound type : tatpurusha (kuru+vardhana)

• kuru – Kuru (name of an ancient king and his descendants)
  proper noun (masculine)
• vardhana – augmenting, increasing, prospering; an augmenter, promoter
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun from verbal root
  Derived from root √vṛdh (to grow, increase) with suffix -ana.
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Epithet for the king, agreeing with 'rājānam'.

आपृच्छ (āpṛccha) - ask permission (ask leave of, bid farewell to, request permission)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of āpṛcch

Prefix: ā

Root: pṛcch (class 6)

कुरुशार्दूल (kuruśārdūla) - O tiger among Kurus (referring to Arjuna) (O tiger among the Kurus, O foremost Kuru)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kuruśārdūla

kuruśārdūla - tiger among the Kurus, a foremost Kuru

Compound type : tatpurusha (kuru+śārdūla)

• kuru – Kuru (name of an ancient king and his descendants)
  proper noun (masculine)
• śārdūla – tiger, an excellent or preeminent person (often used as the second member of a tatpurusha compound)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Arjuna.

गमनम् (gamanam) - journey (going, journey, departure)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of gamana

gamana - going, motion, journey

action noun

Derived from root √gam (to go) with suffix -ana.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Object of 'āpṛccha' (ask permission for).

द्वारकाम् (dvārakām) - Dvārakā (name of a city)

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dvārakā

dvārakā - Dvārakā (a city, Krishna's capital)

Note: Object of 'prati'.

प्रति (prati) - towards (towards, to)

(indeclinable)