महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-76, verse-28

प्रीतश्चापि महादेवश्चकार वृषभं तदा ।
ध्वजं च वाहनं चैव तस्मात्स वृषभध्वजः ॥२८॥

28. prītaścāpi mahādevaścakāra vṛṣabhaṁ tadā ,
dhvajaṁ ca vāhanaṁ caiva tasmātsa vṛṣabhadhvajaḥ.

28. prītaḥ ca api mahādevaḥ cakāra vṛṣabham tadā
dhvajam ca vāhanam ca eva tasmāt saḥ vṛṣabhadhvajaḥ

28. ca api prītaḥ mahādevaḥ tadā vṛṣabham dhvajam ca
vāhanam ca eva cakāra tasmāt saḥ vṛṣabhadhvajaḥ

28. And the pleased Mahādeva (Śiva) then made the bull both his emblem and his vehicle. Therefore, he is known as Vṛṣabhadhvaja (he whose banner is a bull).

Words meanings summery:

• प्रीतः (prītaḥ) - pleased, satisfied, delighted

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपि (api) - also, even, indeed

• महादेवः (mahādevaḥ) - Mahādeva (Great God), an epithet of Śiva

• चकार (cakāra) - he made, he did

• वृषभम् (vṛṣabham) - bull, best, chief

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• ध्वजम् (dhvajam) - banner, flag, emblem

• च (ca) - and, also

• वाहनम् (vāhanam) - vehicle, conveyance

• च (ca) - and, also

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, just, only

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• वृषभध्वजः (vṛṣabhadhvajaḥ) - an epithet of Śiva (Vṛṣabhadhvaja (he whose banner is a bull))

Words meanings and morphology

प्रीतः (prītaḥ) - pleased, satisfied, delighted

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prīta

prīta - pleased, satisfied, delighted, dear

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √prī (to please, to be pleased) with suffix -ta.

Root: prī (class 4)

Note: Modifies 'mahādevaḥ'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even, indeed

(indeclinable)

महादेवः (mahādevaḥ) - Mahādeva (Great God), an epithet of Śiva

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahādeva

mahādeva - Great God (an epithet of Shiva, sometimes Vishnu)

Compound type : Karmadharaya (mahā+deva)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective (masculine)
• deva – god, deity, divine
  noun (masculine)

चकार (cakāra) - he made, he did

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of kṛ

Perfect Active

3rd person singular, perfect tense, active voice.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

वृषभम् (vṛṣabham) - bull, best, chief

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vṛṣabha

vṛṣabha - bull, chief, best, strong

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

ध्वजम् (dhvajam) - banner, flag, emblem

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhvaja

dhvaja - banner, flag, standard, emblem, mark

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

वाहनम् (vāhanam) - vehicle, conveyance

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vāhana

vāhana - vehicle, conveyance, carrier, riding

Root: vah (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, just, only

(indeclinable)

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

(indeclinable)

Ablative singular of 'tad' used adverbially.

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

वृषभध्वजः (vṛṣabhadhvajaḥ) - an epithet of Śiva (Vṛṣabhadhvaja (he whose banner is a bull))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛṣabhadhvaja

vṛṣabhadhvaja - having a bull for an emblem/banner; an epithet of Shiva

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (vṛṣabha+dhvaja)

• vṛṣabha – bull, chief, best
  noun (masculine)
• dhvaja – banner, flag, emblem
  noun (masculine)