महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-63, verse-12

मघासु तिलपूर्णानि वर्धमानानि मानवः ।
प्रदाय पुत्रपशुमानिह प्रेत्य च मोदते ॥१२॥

12. maghāsu tilapūrṇāni vardhamānāni mānavaḥ ,
pradāya putrapaśumāniha pretya ca modate.

12. maghāsu tilapūrṇāni vardhamānāni mānavaḥ
pradāya putrapaśumān iha pretya ca modate

12. mānavaḥ maghāsu tilapūrṇāni vardhamānāni
pradāya putrapaśumān iha ca pretya modate

12. A person who offers auspicious jars (vardhamānāni) filled with sesame seeds during the Maghā constellation, becomes endowed with sons and cattle, and rejoices both in this world and after passing on.

Words meanings summery:

• मघासु (maghāsu) - during the Maghā constellation (10th lunar mansion) (in Maghā)

• तिलपूर्णानि (tilapūrṇāni) - jars or vessels filled with sesame seeds (filled with sesame, full of sesame seeds)

• वर्धमानानि (vardhamānāni) - auspicious jars or vessels (often conical or shaped like a bowl, symbolizing growth) (growing, increasing, prosperity jars)

• मानवः (mānavaḥ) - a person, a male human being (a man, human being)

• प्रदाय (pradāya) - having presented as an offering or donation (having given, having offered)

• पुत्रपशुमान् (putrapaśumān) - blessed with progeny and livestock, indicating wealth and prosperity (possessing sons and cattle)

• इह (iha) - in this earthly existence (here, in this world)

• प्रेत्य (pretya) - in the next life or world after physical death (having died, after death, in the afterlife)

• च (ca) - and

• मोदते (modate) - experiences joy and happiness (rejoices, delights, is glad)

Words meanings and morphology

मघासु (maghāsu) - during the Maghā constellation (10th lunar mansion) (in Maghā)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, plural of maghā

maghā - the constellation Maghā (10th lunar mansion)

Note: Refers to the constellation Maghā.

तिलपूर्णानि (tilapūrṇāni) - jars or vessels filled with sesame seeds (filled with sesame, full of sesame seeds)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of tilapūrṇa

tilapūrṇa - filled with sesame seeds

Tatpuruṣa compound (instrumental).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (tila+pūrṇa)

• tila – sesame, sesame seed
  noun (masculine)
• pūrṇa – full, filled, complete
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'pṛ' (to fill) with suffix '-ṇa'.
  Root: pṛ (class 9)

Note: Describes the 'vardhamānāni'.

वर्धमानानि (vardhamānāni) - auspicious jars or vessels (often conical or shaped like a bowl, symbolizing growth) (growing, increasing, prosperity jars)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of vardhamāna

vardhamāna - growing, increasing, prosperous, a particular kind of vessel or jar, a type of architectural design

Present Middle Participle

Derived from root 'vṛdh' (to grow) with suffix '-māna'.

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Object of 'pradāya'.

मानवः (mānavaḥ) - a person, a male human being (a man, human being)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mānava

mānava - a human being, man, son of Manu

Derived from 'manu' (Manu) with 'aṇ' suffix.

Root: man (class 4)

प्रदाय (pradāya) - having presented as an offering or donation (having given, having offered)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root 'dā' (to give) with prefix 'pra-' and suffix '-ya' (l-yap).

Prefix: pra

Root: dā (class 3)

पुत्रपशुमान् (putrapaśumān) - blessed with progeny and livestock, indicating wealth and prosperity (possessing sons and cattle)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putrapaśumat

putrapaśumat - possessing sons and cattle

Bahuvrīhi compound with 'matup' suffix indicating possession. Compound of 'putra' (son) and 'paśu' (cattle).

Compound type : Dvandva + Matup (putra+paśu+mat)

• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)
• paśu – cattle, animal, beast
  noun (masculine)
• mat – possessing, having
  suffix
  Possessive suffix

Note: Predicative adjective for 'mānavaḥ'.

इह (iha) - in this earthly existence (here, in this world)

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies 'modate'.

प्रेत्य (pretya) - in the next life or world after physical death (having died, after death, in the afterlife)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root 'i' (to go) with prefix 'pra-' and suffix '-ya' (l-yap).

Prefix: pra

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Modifies 'modate'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'iha' and 'pretya'.

मोदते (modate) - experiences joy and happiness (rejoices, delights, is glad)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of mud

Present Middle

Derived from root 'mud' (1st class bhvādi).

Root: mud (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.