महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-63, verse-23

कालशाकं तु विप्रेभ्यो दत्त्वा मर्त्यः समूलकम् ।
ज्येष्ठायामृद्धिमिष्टां वै गतिमिष्टां च विन्दति ॥२३॥

23. kālaśākaṁ tu viprebhyo dattvā martyaḥ samūlakam ,
jyeṣṭhāyāmṛddhimiṣṭāṁ vai gatimiṣṭāṁ ca vindati.

23. kāla-śākam tu viprebhyaḥ dattvā martyaḥ sa-mūlakam
| jyeṣṭhāyām ṛddhim iṣṭām vai gatim iṣṭām ca vindati

23. Indeed, a mortal who gives seasonal vegetables along with their roots to Brahmins during the Jyeṣṭhā nakshatra, obtains desired prosperity and a desired destination.

Words meanings summery:

• काल-शाकम् (kāla-śākam) - seasonal vegetable, specific greens

• तु (tu) - indeed, but

• विप्रेभ्यः (viprebhyaḥ) - to Brahmins

• दत्त्वा (dattvā) - having given

• मर्त्यः (martyaḥ) - a mortal, a human being

• स-मूलकम् (sa-mūlakam) - together with the root, including the roots

• ज्येष्ठायाम् (jyeṣṭhāyām) - during the Jyeṣṭhā nakshatra (lunar mansion) (in Jyeṣṭhā)

• ऋद्धिम् (ṛddhim) - prosperity, abundance

• इष्टाम् (iṣṭām) - desired, wished for

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

• गतिम् (gatim) - path, destination, state

• इष्टाम् (iṣṭām) - desired, wished for

• च (ca) - and

• विन्दति (vindati) - obtains, finds, gains

Words meanings and morphology

काल-शाकम् (kāla-śākam) - seasonal vegetable, specific greens

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kālaśāka

kālaśāka - a kind of vegetable (e.g., dark-leaved greens), seasonal pot-herb

Compound type : tatpurusha (kāla+śāka)

• kāla – time, season
  noun (masculine)
• śāka – vegetable, herb, pot-herb
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of 'dattvā'.

तु (tu) - indeed, but

(indeclinable)

विप्रेभ्यः (viprebhyaḥ) - to Brahmins

(noun)

Dative, masculine, plural of vipra

vipra - a Brahmin, an inspired one, priest

Root: vip

Note: Recipient of the donation.

दत्त्वा (dattvā) - having given

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From √dā 'to give' + -tvā suffix.

Root: dā (class 3)

मर्त्यः (martyaḥ) - a mortal, a human being

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of martya

martya - mortal, human being

From √mṛ 'to die' + -tya suffix.

Root: mṛ (class 6)

Note: Subject of the verb 'vindati'.

स-मूलकम् (sa-mūlakam) - together with the root, including the roots

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of samūlaka

samūlaka - with the root, having roots

Formed from sa (with) and mūla (root).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sa+mūla)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• mūla – root, origin, basis
  noun (neuter)

ज्येष्ठायाम् (jyeṣṭhāyām) - during the Jyeṣṭhā nakshatra (lunar mansion) (in Jyeṣṭhā)

(proper noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of jyeṣṭhā

jyeṣṭhā - name of a lunar mansion (nakshatra); eldest, best

Feminine of jyeṣṭha 'oldest, greatest'.

ऋद्धिम् (ṛddhim) - prosperity, abundance

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ṛddhi

ṛddhi - prosperity, growth, success, abundance

From √ṛdh 'to grow, prosper'.

Root: ṛdh (class 4)

Note: Object of 'vindati'.

इष्टाम् (iṣṭām) - desired, wished for

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of iṣṭa

iṣṭa - desired, wished for, beloved, worshipped

Past Passive Participle

From √iṣ 'to wish, desire' or √yaj 'to worship'. Here, 'desired'.

Root: iṣ (class 4)

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

गतिम् (gatim) - path, destination, state

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gati

gati - going, movement, path, course, destination, state, liberation

From √gam 'to go'.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Object of 'vindati'.

इष्टाम् (iṣṭām) - desired, wished for

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of iṣṭa

iṣṭa - desired, wished for, beloved, worshipped

Past Passive Participle

From √iṣ 'to wish, desire' or √yaj 'to worship'. Here, 'desired'.

Root: iṣ (class 4)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'ṛddhim iṣṭām' and 'gatim iṣṭām'.

विन्दति (vindati) - obtains, finds, gains

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of vindati

From √vid 'to find' (7th class, parasmaipada).

Root: vid (class 7)