महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-63, verse-13

फल्गुनीपूर्वसमये ब्राह्मणानामुपोषितः ।
भक्षान्फाणितसंयुक्तान्दत्त्वा सौभाग्यमृच्छति ॥१३॥

13. phalgunīpūrvasamaye brāhmaṇānāmupoṣitaḥ ,
bhakṣānphāṇitasaṁyuktāndattvā saubhāgyamṛcchati.

13. phalgunīpūrvasamaye brāhmaṇānām upoṣitaḥ bhakṣān
phāṇitasaṃyuktān dattvā saubhāgyam ṛcchati

13. upoṣitaḥ phalgunīpūrvasamaye brāhmaṇānām
phāṇitasaṃyuktān bhakṣān dattvā saubhāgyam ṛcchati

13. A person who, having fasted, gives foods mixed with treacle to Brahmins during the Pūrva Phalguni constellation, attains good fortune.

Words meanings summery:

• फल्गुनीपूर्वसमये (phalgunīpūrvasamaye) - during the period of the Pūrva Phalguni constellation (11th lunar mansion) (in the time of Pūrva Phalguni)

• ब्राह्मणानाम् (brāhmaṇānām) - for the benefit or to the Brahmins (recipients of the donation) (of Brahmins, for Brahmins)

• उपोषितः (upoṣitaḥ) - having undergone a fast or observed abstinence (as a religious practice) (fasted, having fasted, abstinent)

• भक्षान् (bhakṣān) - prepared food items suitable for consumption (foods, eatables)

• फाणितसंयुक्तान् (phāṇitasaṁyuktān) - foods prepared with treacle or unrefined sugar (mixed with treacle/molasses)

• दत्त्वा (dattvā) - having given (as a pious act) (having given)

• सौभाग्यम् (saubhāgyam) - favorable destiny, well-being, and blessings (good fortune, prosperity, auspiciousness)

• ऋच्छति (ṛcchati) - achieves or acquires (obtains, reaches, attains, goes to)

Words meanings and morphology

फल्गुनीपूर्वसमये (phalgunīpūrvasamaye) - during the period of the Pūrva Phalguni constellation (11th lunar mansion) (in the time of Pūrva Phalguni)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of phalgunīpūrvasamaya

phalgunīpūrvasamaya - time of Pūrva Phalguni

Tatpuruṣa compound (Pūrva Phalguni + samaya).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (phalgunīpūrva+samaya)

• phalgunīpūrva – Pūrva Phalguni (constellation)
  noun (feminine)
• samaya – time, season, occasion, agreement, custom
  noun (masculine)

Note: Indicates the time of the action.

ब्राह्मणानाम् (brāhmaṇānām) - for the benefit or to the Brahmins (recipients of the donation) (of Brahmins, for Brahmins)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a Brahmin, one belonging to the priestly class, related to Brahman

Root: bṛh (class 1)

Note: Indicates the recipients of the offering (implied dative sense sometimes with genitive of purpose).

उपोषितः (upoṣitaḥ) - having undergone a fast or observed abstinence (as a religious practice) (fasted, having fasted, abstinent)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upoṣita

upoṣita - fasted, observing a fast, having stayed near (a fire), abstinent

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'vas' (to dwell, to fast in this context) with prefix 'upa-'.

Prefix: upa

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: The implied subject of the sentence.

भक्षान् (bhakṣān) - prepared food items suitable for consumption (foods, eatables)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bhakṣa

bhakṣa - food, eatable, anything eaten

Root: bhakṣ (class 1)

Note: Objects being given.

फाणितसंयुक्तान् (phāṇitasaṁyuktān) - foods prepared with treacle or unrefined sugar (mixed with treacle/molasses)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of phāṇitasaṃyukta

phāṇitasaṁyukta - mixed with treacle, accompanied by molasses

Tatpuruṣa compound ending in a past passive participle.

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (phāṇita+saṃyukta)

• phāṇita – treacle, molasses, unrefined sugar
  noun (neuter)
• saṃyukta – joined, united, mixed, connected
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'yuj' (to join) with prefix 'sam-'.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Describes the foods.

दत्त्वा (dattvā) - having given (as a pious act) (having given)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root 'dā' (3rd class, juhotyādi) with suffix '-tvā'.

Root: dā (class 3)

सौभाग्यम् (saubhāgyam) - favorable destiny, well-being, and blessings (good fortune, prosperity, auspiciousness)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of saubhāgya

saubhāgya - good fortune, prosperity, auspiciousness, welfare, charm, beauty

Derived from 'subhaga' (fortunate) with 'ṣyañ' suffix.

Note: The desired outcome.

ऋच्छति (ṛcchati) - achieves or acquires (obtains, reaches, attains, goes to)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of ṛcch

Present Active

Derived from root 'ṛ' (to go, move, attain) with 'ṛcchā' augment in 6th class.

Root: ṛ (class 6)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.