महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-42, verse-28

एतच्छ्रुत्वा तु विपुलो नापश्यद्धर्मसंकरम् ।
जन्मप्रभृति कौरव्य कृतपूर्वमथात्मनः ॥२८॥

28. etacchrutvā tu vipulo nāpaśyaddharmasaṁkaram ,
janmaprabhṛti kauravya kṛtapūrvamathātmanaḥ.

28. etat śrutvā tu vipulaḥ na apaśyat dharma-saṃkaram
janma-prabhṛti kauravya kṛta-pūrvam atha ātmanaḥ

28. kauravya tu etat śrutvā vipulaḥ janma-prabhṛti
ātmanaḥ kṛta-pūrvam atha dharma-saṃkaram na apaśyat

28. Having heard this, Vipula, however, did not perceive any transgression of natural law (dharma) that he had committed since his birth, O scion of Kuru.

Words meanings summery:

• एतत् (etat) - this, that

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• तु (tu) - but, however, on the other hand

• विपुलः (vipulaḥ) - Vipula, the sage (Vipula (a proper name); vast, extensive)

• न (na) - not

• अपश्यत् (apaśyat) - he saw, he perceived

• धर्म-संकरम् (dharma-saṁkaram) - transgression of natural law, confusion of dharma

• जन्म-प्रभृति (janma-prabhṛti) - since birth, from birth

• कौरव्य (kauravya) - O scion of Kuru, O descendant of Kuru

• कृत-पूर्वम् (kṛta-pūrvam) - previously done, formerly performed

• अथ (atha) - then, and, now, moreover

• आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of Vipula himself (of himself, of the self)

Words meanings and morphology

एतत् (etat) - this, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this here

Note: Accusative object of śrutvā.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root śru- with suffix -tvā

Root: śru (class 1)

तु (tu) - but, however, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

विपुलः (vipulaḥ) - Vipula, the sage (Vipula (a proper name); vast, extensive)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vipula

vipula - Vipula (a proper name); vast, extensive, large

Note: Subject of the sentence.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

अपश्यत् (apaśyat) - he saw, he perceived

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of dṛś

Imperfect (Laṅ-lakāra)

3rd person singular active imperfect of root dṛś (class 1, paśya-)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

धर्म-संकरम् (dharma-saṁkaram) - transgression of natural law, confusion of dharma

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma-saṃkara

dharma-saṁkara - confusion of natural law, transgression of dharma

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+saṃkara)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, virtue
  noun (masculine)
• saṃkara – mixture, confusion, transgression
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of apaśyat.

जन्म-प्रभृति (janma-prabhṛti) - since birth, from birth

(indeclinable)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (janman+prabhṛti)

• janman – birth, origin
  noun (neuter)
  Root: jan (class 4)
• prabhṛti – beginning, from, onwards
  indeclinable
  Prefix: pra
  Root: bhṛ (class 3)

Note: Adverbial.

कौरव्य (kauravya) - O scion of Kuru, O descendant of Kuru

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kauravya

kauravya - descendant of Kuru

Derivative from Kuru, meaning 'belonging to Kuru'

Note: Addressed to the listener (Dhṛtarāṣṭra).

कृत-पूर्वम् (kṛta-pūrvam) - previously done, formerly performed

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kṛta-pūrva

kṛta-pūrva - done before, previously performed

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kṛta+pūrva)

• kṛta – done, made, performed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle of root kṛ-
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• pūrva – former, previous, earlier
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Qualifies dharma-saṃkaram.

अथ (atha) - then, and, now, moreover

(indeclinable)

आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of Vipula himself (of himself, of the self)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence, intrinsic nature

Root: an (class 2)

Note: Refers to Vipula's own actions.